HELLO MGA MAGAGANDANG PIPOL ANAPHY

Anatomy

Anatomy

It is the study of structures that make up the body and how those structures relate with each other.

Gross anatomy

studies body structure without a microscope.

Microscopic anatomy

requires the use of a microscope to study tissues that form the various organs of the body.

Physiology

It is the study of how the body and its parts work or function.

Homeostasis

When structure and function are coordinated the body achieves a relative stability of its internal environment called

Cell

: The smallest independent units of life

Tissue

is made up of many similar cells that perform a specific function

Epithelial tissue

Found in the outer layer of skin, lining of organs, blood and lymph vessels and body cavities.

Connective tissue

: Connects and supports most parts of the body

Muscle tissue

Produces movement through its ability to contract

Nerve tissue

Found in the brain, spinal cord and nerves

Organ

Is an integrated collection of two or more kinds of tissue that works together to perform specific functions.

System

: Is a group of organs that work together to perform major functions.

Organism level

The various organs of the body form the entire organism

Superior (cranial)

Toward the head. The leg is supper to the foot.

Inferior (caudal)

Toward the feet. The foot is inferior to the leg

Anterior (ventral)

Toward the front part of the body. The nose is anterior to the ears.

Posterior (dorsal)

Towards the back of the body. The ears are posterior to the nose.

Medial

Towards the midline of the body. The nose is medial to the eyes.

Lateral

Away from the midline of the body. The eyes are lateral to the nose.

Proximal

Toward (nearer) the trunk of the body or the attached end of a limb. The shoulder is proximal to the wrist.

Distal

Away (farther) from the trunk of the body or the attached end of a limb. The wrist is distal to the forearm

Superficial

Nearer the surface of the body. The ribs are superficial to the heart.

Deep

Farther from the surface of the body. The heart is deeper to the ribs.

Peripheral

Away from the central axis of the body.__________ radiate away from the brain and spinal cord.

Axial body part

It is the part of the body near the axis of the body. This includes head, neck, thorax (chest), abdomen, and pelvis.

Appendicular body part

It is the part of the body out of the axis line. This includes the upper and lower extremities.

Sagittal plane

divides the body into right and left half.

Mid sagittal plane

- divides body into equal left and right halves

Para sagittal plane

- divides body into unequal left and right

Frontal plane

divides the body into asymmetrical anterior and posterior sections.

Transverse plane

- divides the body into upper and lower body sections.

Oblique plane

divides the body obliquely into upper and lower sections

Ventral body cavity

constitutes the thoracic cavity and the abdomino-pelvic body cavity.

Thoracic cavity

It is protected by the rib cage & associated musculature and the sternum anteriorly

Abdomino-pelvic cavity

extends from the diaphragm inferior to the floor of the pelvis

Abdominal cavity

contains the stomach, intestine, liver, spleen and gallbladder

Pelvic cavity

contains urinary bladder, rectum, and portions of the reproductive organs.

Dorsal body cavity

it constitutes the cephalic cavity containing the brain and the vertebral canal containing the spinal cord.

Cytology

- It is a branch of science concerned with a study of cells.

Organelles

these are permanent structures with characteristic morphology that are highly specialized in specific cellular activity.

Cytoplasm

is the substance that surrounds organelles and is located between the nucleus and plasma membrane

Vascular tissue (Blood tissue)

It is a liquid connective tissue. It contains intercellular

substance plasma. Plasma is a straw colored liquid, consists water and dissolved material.

Osseous tissue (Bone)

The matured bone cell osteocytes, embedded in the

intercellular substance consisting mineral salts(calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate) with collagenous fibers.

Transitional epithelium

The distinction is that cells of the outer layer in transitional

epithelium tend to be large and rounded rather than flat. The feature allows the tissue to be stretched with out breakage. It is found in Urinary bladder, part of Ureters & urethra.

Pseudo stratified epithelium

Lines the larger excretory ducts of many glands, epididymis,

parts of male urethra and auditory tubes. Its main function is protection & secretion