FDC 7: METALS

Ferrous Metals

Composed of iron with small additions of other metals.

Wrought Iron

Iron + Silicate; "wrought" means worked.

Cast Iron

Iron + carbon, silicon, sulfur.

Mud Steel

Iron + 0.3% carbon.

Stainless Steel

Steel + chromium, nickel.

Alloy Steel

Molten steel + nickel, chromium, copper, manganese.

Copper-bearing Steel

Steel with high corrosion resistance.

Non-ferrous Metals

Contain little or no iron.

Aluminum

Lustrous, magnetic, lightweight, very malleable.

Copper

Pure reddish-brown metal, highly ductile.

Lead

Pure, soft, heavy, malleable metal.

Zinc

Pure metal; substitute for lead.

Tin

Soft, lustrous, low-melting-point metal, rarely used in pure form.

Alloys

Combination of metals.

Bronze

Copper + Tin.

Duralumin

Copper + Aluminum.

Brass

Copper + Zinc.

Age-hardening

Slow hardening process.

Brittleness

Ability to break under a sharp blow.

Conductivity

Capacity to transmit heat/electricity.

Elasticity

Ability to regain original shape after deformation.

Fusibility

Becomes liquid when heated.

Hardness

Resistance to deformation.

Malleability

Can be extended in all directions without fracturing.

Tenacity

Resistance to pulling forces.

Work-hardening

Metal hardens while being hammered or bent.

Annealing

Heating to restore softness.

Bluing

Heating to create oxide skin, then quenching in oil.

Casting

Pouring metal into molds.

Extruding

Forcing malleable metals through holes (creates bars, tubes).

Forging

Shaping hot metal by hammering.

Hardening

Heating to cherry red to maximize hardness.

Pressing

Forming sheet metals with a press.

Spinning

Revolving sheet forced over a form.

Tempering

Removes brittleness after hardening.

Drawing

Pulling ductile metals through plate holes.

Coating

Applying material on a metallic surface.

Enameling

Pigmented non-metallic coating.

Lacquering

Transparent, dissolved material-based coating.

Coil Coating

Continuous strip coating.

Backing Coating

Simple reverse-side coating with no aesthetic requirement.

Chemical Conversion Coating

Chromate/phosphate spray or dip to form oxide film.

Priming

Priming paint with corrosion inhibitors.

Pretreatment Priming

Resin, chromate, acid mix.

Single Coat System

Single protective coat for post-painting.

Multiple Coat System

Uses base and top coats.

Organic Coating

Dry paint in organic film laminate.

Film Coating

Organic film applied over adhesive and primer.

Metallic Coating

Applying anti-corrosive metals.

Chrome/Nickel/Bronze/Silver/Zinc Plate

Types of metallic coatings (zinc = galvanized).

Chemical Brightening

Enhances reflectivity.

Chemical Polishing

Metal immersion polishing.

Degreasing

Removes oil/grease.

Etching

Dissolves surface with acid.

Picking

Removes metal surface using caustic solution.

Color Anodized Metal

Colored during anodizing.

Electropolishing

Polishing via anodic process.

Bright Anodizing

High reflectance anodized finish.

Clear Anodized Metal

Colorless translucent anodic coating.

Decorative Anodizing

For aesthetic purposes.

Architectural Anodizing

Durable architectural finish.

Hard Anodizing

For abrasion resistance.

Protective Anodizing

Guards against corrosion.

Electrochemical Brightening

Improves optical reflectivity.

Interference Color Anodized Metal

Color from optical interference.

Anodized Metal

Electrolytic oxide coating.

Dyed Anodized Metal

Dyed through porous anodic layer.

Combination Color Anodized Metal

Integral + dyeing.

Integral Color Anodized Metal

Color from anodizing process itself.

Electrolytically Colored Anodized Metal

Deposits metal in pore structure.

Powder Coating

Colored powder electrostatically fused to metal.

Cold Impregnation

Plugs pores after anodizing at low temps.

Sealing

Closes coating pores using hydrothermal method.

Significant Surface

The visible/coated portion of the product.

Cutting

Laser cut design.

Embossing

Raising a design in relief.

Engraving

Carving or cutting a design.

Etching

Acid-based design etching.

Hammering

Manual surface detailing.

Chasing

Sinking design into the surface; used with repoussé (raised from the back).

Mechanical Method

Using nuts, bolts, screws, rivets.

Soldering/Brazing

Molten alloy applied between surfaces.

Welding

Joins metal via heat and pressure — extremely strong.