Anthropology exam

The ability or potential to bring about change through action or influence is

b. power

Small, kin-based groups that hunt and gather over a particular territory and constantly break up and reform in response to conflicts are referred to as

a. bands

When did the subfield of political anthropology emerge?

a. after World War II

In Elman Service’s evolutionary typology, a political system that represents a stage between the simpler political structure of the tribe and the complex structure of the state is the

c. chiefdom

Why does the author say that the image of the state as fixed, cohesive, and coherent is an illusion?

a. States are constantly reshaped by new leaders and legislation and through their interactions, communities, institutions, and other states.

In which century did the modern Western state emerge?

a. sixteenth

According to Max Weber, what is the fundamental characteristic of the modern state?

d. It establishes a monopoly on the legitimate use of force within a territory.

In her ethnography of civil war in Mozambique, A Different Kind of War Story (1997), Nordstrom noted that

d. she consistently found people who resisted and defeated the political violence of war by attending to the day-to-day matters of their community.

Frans de Waal’s review of studies of different primates

a. challenges the myth that violent impulses are deeply ingrained in primate nature.

What is one of the primary reasons why the study of religion in anthropology is difficult?

c. There is a wide range of local religious expression.

Spanish conquistadors and missionaries were struck by the Aztecs’ use of human sacrifice and cannibalism in some of their religious ceremonies. This explanation is an example of which theory of religion?

a. cultural materialism

Émile Durkheim understood religion as a social process that helped to create social solidarity, cohesion, and stability. He believed that this helped explain the rise of __ in late nineteenth-century France.

a. suicides

In Japan, the second Monday of January is a national Coming of Age Day. This is an example of

d. a rite of passage

A young woman separated during her first menstruation ritual is in which stage, according to Victor Turner?

a. liminality

Your college experience and graduation, in Victor Turner's model, promotes

d. communitas

German political philosopher Karl Marx called __ “the opium of the people.”

b. religion

The use of figurines in Voodoo religion in Louisiana would be categorized by anthropologists as

b. magic

Anthropologist Clifford Geertz suggests that religion is essentially a system of ideas surrounded by powerful

a. symbols

Why did the World Bank’s “green revolution” program in Bali collapse?

b. The World Bank neglected to incorporate practical and spiritual wisdom into the farming program.

Why does the chapter start with a story about gun violence in the United States?

b. to highlight the relationship between gun culture and public health

What is one important reason why medical anthropology has grown significantly since the 1980s?

b. Intensive fieldwork has proved effective in solving public health problems.

The World Health Organization includes which of the following in its definition of health, beyond physical and mental health?

d. social well-being

How do medical anthropologists distinguish between disease and illness?

b. Disease is a natural entity; illness is a personal experience.

The work of anthropologists Shirley Lindenbaum, David Simmons, and Paul Farmer involved

b. examining the social and cultural forces of biological events

Why is the case of Lia Lee significant for medical anthropologists?

c. The clash between the family’s approach and the doctors’ approach is an example of how failure to practice medical pluralism can result in negative outcomes.

Kaitlyn’s healthcare options in Chinatown are examples of

a. medical pluralism

What does an anthropological approach to art attempt to do?

b. contextualize the processes and meaning of art

In Christopher Steiner’s ethnography of art in Abidjan, the primary consumers of locally produced art were

d. Western tourists and art dealers

What is the predominant U.S. redistribution hub of the African art that Paul Stoller studied?

b. the Warehouse in New York City

Which term does Arjun Appadurai use to refer to the global cultural flows of media and visual images?

d. global mediascape

__ explores the production, circulation, and consumption of visual images.

c. Visual anthropology

Why did Catherine Lutz and Jane Collins analyze the photographic gaze of National Geographic magazines?

d. It allowed for an exploration of how visual images can influence cultural perspectives and reader behaviors.

What global forces are predominantly at work as a result of local steel mill closures in the film Exit Zero?

d. globalization and deindustrialization

How did Chinese immigrants recognize the textbook author in New York?

b. He was filmed in a festival video in China that was later viewed by immigrants in New York.

Anthropologist and physician Paul Farmer took many steps to improve health conditions in the rural community of Cange. One of the most important early steps was

c. providing clean drinking water to the community.