Understanding Implicit Prejudice and Social Identity Theory

What method is used to determine hidden prejudices through resumes?

Sending identical resumes with only differences in name, race, and religious affiliation to observe employer bias.

What is the bogus pipeline technique?

Participants are hooked up to a fake lie detector, leading them to express more racial and gender prejudice.

What is implicit prejudice?

Prejudices that individuals are unaware of, which may affect their behavior.

What does the Implicit Association Test (IAT) measure?

It measures the speed of people's positive and negative associations with target groups.

What are some concerns regarding the IAT?

It may reflect cultural associations or stereotypes rather than stable dispositions of prejudice.

What is a self-fulfilling prophecy?

An expectation about another person that causes that person to behave in a way that confirms the expectation.

What is social identity threat?

The threat felt when individuals perceive they are being evaluated as members of their group rather than as individuals.

How does pressure to conform relate to prejudice?

It can lead to institutional discrimination and normative conformity, where individuals go along with group expectations.

What is social identity theory?

A part of self-concept based on identification with social groups such as nationality, religion, or occupation.

What is ethnocentrism?

The belief that one's own ethnic group, nation, or religion is superior to all others.

What is in-group bias?

The tendency to favor members of one's own group over those in out-groups.

What is out-group homogeneity?

The perception that individuals in the out-group are more similar to each other than they actually are.

What does realistic conflict theory propose?

Limited resources lead to conflict between groups, resulting in increased prejudice and discrimination.

What is the contact hypothesis?

The idea that social interactions between groups can reduce prejudice.

Why was the contact hypothesis less effective during school desegregation?

It led to increased prejudice and tension, with races mixing strictly and a negative change in the educational environment.

What are the four conditions for contact to reduce prejudice according to Allport?

1. Equal status of groups 2. Common goals 3. Intergroup cooperation 4. Support by law or social norms.

What is extended contact effort?

Knowing that an in-group member has out-group friends can reduce prejudice.

What is interdependence in the context of group dynamics?

A situation where two or more groups need to depend on each other to achieve a common goal.

What is a jigsaw classroom?

A classroom setting designed to reduce prejudice by placing children in small, multiethnic groups where they depend on each other to learn.