sexual reproduction

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sexual

variation, usually 2 parents

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Sexes

1. MONOECIOUS - male & female in 1 individual
a. HERMAPHRODITIC - animals
2. DIOECIOUS - male & female on separate individuals

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Monoecious

male and female in 1 individual

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Hermaphroditic

male and female on separate individuals

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Fertilization

union of two gametes

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External fertilization

outside in female aquatic envt.

a. Broadcast spawning or free shedding – inverts, coral, cod
b. Simultaneous shedding over nest - salmon, grunion
c. Simultaneous extrusion by clasped pair - frogs

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Internal fertilization

Inside female

a. Sperm packets
i. Taken in/on by females - spiders, lobsters
ii. Placed in female by male - squid/octopus
b. Copulation - direct transfer of sperm to vagina