OT Final - Varner

Numbers outline + Hebrew name

Numbers (Bemidbar):
Israel at Sinai (1:1 - 10:11)
From Sinai to Kadesh (10:11 - 14)
Years of wandering (15 - 19)
The fortieth year (20 - 36)

Deuteronomy outline + Hebrew name

Deuteronomy (Devarim):
First Discourse, history and it's significance(1 - 4)
Second Discourse, Torah and it's significance (5 - 26)
Covenant renewal (27 - 30)
Final matters (31 - 34)

Joshua outline

Joshua:
Invasion of the Land (1 - 12)
Division of the Land (13 - 24)

Judges outline + Hebrew name

Judges (Shophetim):
First episode incomplete conquest and apostasy (1 - 2)
Cycles of Oppression and Deliverance (3 - 16)
Epilogue (17 - 21)

Ruth outline

Ruth:
Ruth's decision for the Lord (1)
Ruth's service in the fields (2)
Ruth's engagement to Boaz (3)
Ruth's redemption by Boaz (4)

1 Samuel outline

1 Samuel:
Rise of Samuel (1 - 8)
Rise of Saul (9 - 15)
Rise of David (16 - 31)

2 Samuel outline

2 Samuel:
David's triumphs (1 - 10)
David's trials (11 - 20)
David's testimonies (21 - 24)

What happened at Kadesh?

12 spies were sent to Kadesh to spie out Canaan. 10 said no way, Caleb and Joshua said God can do it.

Nazirite vow

Do not cut his hair, touch dead, drink wine .
Samson has a lifelong Nazirite vow, but broke it many times

Aaronic Benediction

"Yahweh bless you and keep you;
Yahweh make His face shine on you;
And be gracious to you;
Yahweh lift up His face on you;
And give you peace." - Numbers 6:24-26

Korah (Levi)

Levite who feels neglected, jealous of Moses, and earth opens and swallows them-Korah family was not completely destroyed

Balaam and his "oracles" Main ideas

Balak sends Balaam to try and curse Israel but keeps blessing them instead.
Oracles (blessings):
1: Israel's peculiarity
2: Israel's protection
3: Israel's promise
4: Israel's Prince (messianic prophesy)
Balaam told Balak to send woman from their land into Israel to seduce the man of Israel to commit adultery so that Yahweh would be angry with them.

"Message" of Deuteronomy

Learn from the past
Love the Lord
Live as God's people

The "Shema" - EXTRA CREDIT

"Shema Yisrael, Adonai Elohenu, Adonai Echad."
"Hear O Israel: Yahweh is our God. Yahweh is One." Deut 6:4

Divisions of Hebrew Bible

1.Penateuch (Torah)
2. Prophets (Neviim)
3. Writings (Ketuvim)

Rahab's actions

(Joshua 2:4-6) lies about two spies in Jericho

Jericho - defeat and curse

Located at Tel-es Sultan
Curse on any "rebuilder"-herem

Ai

God did not say go after Ai
Central campaign: anchor took treasure and punished whole tribe(defeat)

Long day battle

Some Canaanites came from "a long way," tricking Joshua to think they're not Canaanites (because Israelites were to conquer Canaanites). A battle breaks out with the Gibeonites, however a miracle happens and makes the sun not set for the Israelites to complete the battle.

Gibeon/Gibeonites

Defeated by being deceived, attack on Canaanite deities (sun and moon) sun did not go down; their gods forsook them.

Cities of refuge

Refuge in the West:
Kadesh, Shechem, Hebron

Refuge in the East:
Golan, Ramot, Bezer

role of a "judge"

A leader in battle
Ruler in peace
Raised up from God
Savior
Case decider

basic facts about Canaanite religion

Baal is their deity; he controlled the rain and storm. Prosperity depends directly on pleasing Baal. Though El was theoretically chief deity, Baal received the greater homage. Baal was always central in importance among the other Gods. Canaanites practiced religious prostitution and extreme brutality and immorality. They also performed child sacrifice and snake worship. Israelites wanted to be prosperous so they practiced syncretism with Baal and God.

"sea peoples"

The invasion of the Sea Peoples did not affect early part of this period, but their influence was great from time of Samson onward. The Philistines

"cycles" of the book of Judges

Recurring Cycle
Sin
Servitude
Supplication
Salvation
Silence

Ehud

He's a Benjamite (meaning right hand of God) but is left-handed - ironic. Ehud gets alone with Mr. Fat Man (the king) to "pay a tribute" and stabs him and actually loses his knife in Mr. Fat Man.

Gideon

In the hall of faith. Choosing of the 3000 at the river, defeated the Midianites in the valley, and his noble response but poor decision: Wanted Gideon to be king but he said "no," however, he requested spoils from the attack from everyone and committed spiritual adultery, he created an idol.

Jephthah

"Mighty man of Valor (brave)." Son of Gilead and a harlot. He defeats the Ammonites. He also either killed or devoted his daughter to celibacy (unclear).

Samson

Epitome of the book of Judges. A tragedy (in a theatrical sense). Samson is a life-long Nazirite but broke the vow many times. Irony: Samson did what was right in his own eyes and actually lost his eyes.

Benjaminite civil war

Benjamin and chaos, moral depravity, war between Israel and Benjamin, almost wiped-out Benjamin tribe, went to find Jabesh Gilead wives in vineyard, concubine cut into pieces story. Conclusion: "right in his own eyes."

Laish

Canaanite town of Laish was conquered by the tribe of Dan then renamed Dan after the tribe. Also, a migration of Danites to idolatry (Laish-Dan).

kinsman-redeemer/goel

Goel means avenger of blood. Next of kin to a widow's late husband whose duty is to marry her and keep the family name/redeem honor.
They must be of the same family, be able to redeem, and be willing to redeem.

connection between end of Judges and Ruth

"In the days when the Judges ruled." - connection
Ruth is set in the same time as Judges.

"Ichabod"

"no glory" son born when philistines captured ark and - Ebenezer

young Samuel's development

Hannah devotes Samuel and gives him a lifelong Nazirite vow. The Lord calls Samuel and he thinks it's his boss, and after several times realizes it's God. Samuel prophecies bad things in Eli's life and is afraid to tell him, but tells him anyways.

Saul's mistakes

Fails to wait for Samuel, assumes the role as a priest. Didn't obey Lord's command, spares Agag (king of Amalekites) and the animals - God said completely destroy.

scene of David and Goliath

David is triumphant in the valley of Elah, Philistines city of Gath (where Goliath came from).

Amalekites

They were the first to attack Israel.

Saul's tribe, David's tribe

Saul - Benjamite
David - Judah

Woman of Endor

Saul seeks medium he previously banned. Saul goes against his own law because he's so desperate without God. The truthfulness of the message given indicates that it was an actual appearance of Samuel. Saul and sons died next day as Samuel said - another indication it was actually Samuel and not a demon that the medium summoned.

Nabal and wife

Nabal (meaning fool) refuses to help David. Abigail helps David, David then marries her when Nabal dies.

role of Jabesh Gilead

Where Saul was anointed King by Samuel, also where Saul and Jonathan were buried after their deaths.

Saul's captain - David's captain

Abner (Saul's) and Joab (Davids). Joab embraces Abner, then kills him in stealth. He wanted to gain favor with David, but David ends up mourning Abner.

Ishbosheth

Abner was his chief captain as well. Also becomes king after Saul, his son.

Jebus

Also known as "Salem", conquered by David, central to not claimed by any one tribe, associated with Melchizedek where Jebusites lived, hard to conquer because of canyons and steep walls, Canaanite name for Jerusalem.

Bathsheba's sons

Anonymous baby that dies in infancy and Solomon.

Amnon

Forced half-sister, Tamar, to be with him (rape). Killed by Absalom.

Absalom

Meaning "father of peace." Rebelled against his father, David. Absalom had around 80lb of hair (200 or so shekels). Goes to Hebron and proclaims himself king, Hebron is where David was first king. He was lamented by David. Absalom gets caught in a tree, Joab comes and kills him thinking it would please David, but David mourns his son.

Ahithophel

Counselor of David (former), now a counselor of Absalom (type of Judas). Father of Eliam, grandfather of Bathsheba. He gives Absalom advice, Absalom doesn't like it, and Ahithophel kills himself.

Adonijah

Solomons rival. He was killed by Benaiah.

Mephibosheth

He is a descendant of Saul. When a knew king comes all descendants of the previous king were normally killed to prevent rebellion. However, David shows him chesed (lovingkindness; mercy) for the sake of Jonathan. Mephibosheth, who is crippled and lame, then gets to live in the palace with David and live. David at his best. Illustration of Gods mercy. We don't deserve it yet receive it.

Importance of Numbers

Walk

Importance of Deuteronomy

Instruction

Encampment of the tribes of Israel

North - Dan
South - Rueben
West - Ephraim
East - Judah

Priests and Levites

All priests were Levites (with exception of Melchizedek), but not all Levites were priests.

Ancient lie detector test

The ink from words (like rules about adultery) were mixed with water and drank. If they got sick - guilty - if not - not guilty. Not magic, simply a guilt detector.

Shofer

Trumpet

Challenge to Moses

Family is jealous that Moses is #1 in family. The Kushite woman (his wife) is the cover story - they really didnt like that God only spoke through Moses. Sibling rivalry.

Moses mistakes and consequences

God commands Moses to speak to the rock. But Moses instead strikes it twice. God doesn't allow Moses to go into the land now because he didn't believe.

Brazen serpent

Referred right before John 3:16. Those who looked were delivered and those who didn't died.

Daughters of Zelophehad

He only had daughters, so God adds to Law, if you have no sons then the inheritance goes to daughters.

Moses title

Servant of the Lord

Requirements for the king

Don't multiply horses, wives, or gold.
No big army.
God chooses the kings.

Shiloh

Location of tabernacle, where portions were broken up

Central campaign

Jericho, Gibeon, and Ai

Four Canaanite cities

Ai, Gibeon, Hazor, and Shiloh

Was the annihilation of the Canaanites morally right?

Yes. They were destroyed for their gross iniquity, their religion was particularly contaminating and dangerous to the Israelites. The "holy war" can only be understood by seeing the book in the context of the history of redemption.

What is a city of refuge?

A place where someone can go if they accidentally kill someone so that the redeemer of blood (goel) would not execute them.

Be able to know where the tribes are on a map

See map

Eastern confrontation

A "problem" with Reuben, Gad and half Manasseh. Reuben and Gad wanted to stay East and half Manasseh wanted to go.

Authorship of Judges

Probably Samuel

Cycles of Oppression and Deliverance

Mesopotamians and Othniel
Moabites and Ehud (Shamgar)
Canaanites and Deborah/Barak
Midianites and Gideon (Abimelech, Tola, and Jair)
Ammonites and Jepthah (Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon)
Philistines and Samson

Deborah/Barak

One female judge in Judges. Oppressors were the Canaanites in the North, led by Jabin, king of Hazor, and Sisera. Barak mustered the troops at Mt. Tabor. God intervened with a storm.

"Song of Deborah"

Commendation
Condemnation

Who were pictures of faith people, yet flawed?

Judges

Pele Yoetz

Wonderful Counselor, Angel of Yahweh, Messiah

"Epilogue"

Idolatry of Micah - a syncretistic religion
Migration of Danites - migration to idolatry

Bethlehem trilogy

The young Levite of Bethlehem (Jud 17, 18)
The Levite of Ephriam and concubine from Bethlehem (Jud 19-21)
Ruth, David, and Bethlehem (Ruth)

Meanings of names Naomi, Ruth. Orpah, Marah

Naomi - Pleasant
Ruth - Friendship
Orpah - Stubborn
Marah - Bitter

Steps in harvesting referred to in Ruth

Cutting
Binding
Gleaning
Threshing

Eshet hayil

Woman of excellence

Ruth to David genealogy

Salmon (Rahab)
Boaz (Ruth)
Obed
Jesse
David
Matt. 1:5-6

Hannah's Magnificat

Gods holiness (2:2)
Gods knowledge (2:3)
Gods power (2:4-8)
Gods justice (2:9, 10)
Gods messiah (2:10)

Sons of Belial

Eli's wicked sons. They were stealing from the Lord and engaged in immorality.

Ark captured - locations and effects

At Shiloh. to Ebenezer, to Ashdod, to Gath, to Ekron, and to Beth Shemesh
The pagan and Israelites viewed the Ark as a good luck charm. So, God teaches them and gives them hemorrhoids. Everywhere it went it brought "bad luck."

Conduct of Samuel's Ministry

Bethel to Gilgal to Mizpah to Ramah

True revival

Repentance
Removal
Recommitment

Goliaths height - Septuagint and Hebrew Bible

Septuagint - 6'10"
Hebrew Bible - 9'6"

Saul's 4 attempts to kill David

A spear
Philistines (suicide mission)
A spear again
Murder in bed (David's wife warns him, uses dummy in bed)

Doeg the Edomite

A lil' snitch. David brought parents to him for safety, Bible doesn't say wat happened to his parents.

Masada

The fortress or stronghold for Jews against Romans, may be where David hid.

En Gedi

Spring of wild goat, pretty waterfall in the middle of dry forest.

Major personalities in 1 and 2 Samuel

1 - Samuel (last judge), Saul (1st king), David (best king)
2 - David (life story of the best king)

Time periods of Abraham, Moses, David, and Jesus

Abraham - 2000 BC
Moses - 1500 BC
David - 1000 BC
Jesus - 1 AD

Family tree - Jesse to Solomon

Jesse
David (Jesse's son)
Joab, Abishai, Asahel, Amasa (David's nephews)
Michal, Abigail, Bathsheba (David's wives [not all])
Amnon, Absalom, Adonijah, Solomon (David's sons)

Political and Religious capital of Israel

Jerusalem. David brought Ark there and said he would build a temple, which he didn't, and his son, Solomon, ended up building it.

Conquering of Jebusites (Trojan horse like attack)

Joab goes through the tunnel, opens the gate, and lets David's men in the city to conquer it. (Trojan horse like attack)

God's covenants with man

Noahic
Abrahamic
Mosaic
Davidic
New

Davidic covenant

Covenant that says the Messiah will come from the House of David. God also promises David an eternal house, throne, and kingdom. 2 Samuel 7

David's dead sons

Bathsheba's baby, Amnon, Absalom, and Adonijah. "The sword shall never depart from your house"