Chapter 1: Meaning and Scope

Exercise

physical activity done for the purpose of getting fit that increases energy expenditure above base-line levels. It is planned, structured, and repetitive. The duration, frequency, and intensity of —- can be measured.

Physical Activity

bodily movement produced by the contraction of the skeletal muscles that substantially increase energy expenditure above baseline level. As a broad term, it encompasses exercise, sport, dance, active games, activities of daily living, and active occupational tasks.

Physical Education

subject matter taught in schools that provides K–12 students with opportunities to learn, and have meaningful content and appropriate instruction. Quality programs focus on increasing physical competence, health-related fitness, self-responsibility, and enjoyment of physical activity for all students so that they can be physically active for a lifetime.

Physical Fitness

capacity of people to perform physical activities; set of attributes that allow individuals to carry out daily tasks without undue fatigue and have the energy to participate in a variety of physical activities; state of well-being associated with low risk of premature health problems.

Sport

well-established, officially governed competitive physical activities in which participants are motivated by internal and external rewards.

Academic Discipline

an organized body of knowledge collectively

embraced in a formal course of learning. The

acquisition of such knowledge is assumed to be

an adequate and worthy objective as such,

without any demonstration or requirement of

practical application. The content is theoreti-

cal and scholarly as distinguished from techni-

cal and professional.

Social Identity

consists of how you identify related to your race, gender, sexuality, (dis)ability, social class, and religion, among others.

Social Justice

advocacy, agency, and action directed toward (a) correcting disparities and inequities

in all institutions across societies including education, health, law, politics, and so on, between majority (e.g.,

mostly white men) and minoritized people (e.g., African American citizens), especially those in poor communi-

ties, women, and persons with disabilities; and (b) empowering such marginalized people for meaningful, sus-

tainable change.

Physical Activity

physical education, exercise science, and sport share this common foucs

Athletics

refers to highly organized, competitive sports engaged in by skillful participants.