Unit 7 Part 2

5.0(1)
studied byStudied by 3 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/43

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

44 Terms

1
New cards
Psychoanalytic theory
the first comprehensive theory of personality which included ideas about an unconscious region of the mind, psychosexual stages and defense mechanisms for holding anxiety at bay.
2
New cards
free association
a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever come to mind

* Freud believes free association allowed him into patient’s unconscious
3
New cards
psychoanalysis
freud’s theory of personality that attributes thoughts and action to unconscious motives and conflicts
4
New cards
unconscious
reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories
5
New cards
preconscious
can retrieve and bring to conscious
6
New cards
id
contains a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that tries to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives

* followed pleasure principle, demand instant gratification without caring about rules
7
New cards
ego
the largely conscious “executive” part of the personality that mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality
8
New cards
super ego
the part of the personality that represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgement and future aspirations
9
New cards
all of freud’s psychosexual stages

1. oral stage (0-18 months) - pleasure centers in mouth sucking, biting, chewing
2. anal stage (18-36 months) - pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination coping with demands of control
3. phallic stage (3-6 years) - pleasure zone in genitals, coping with incestuous sexual feelings
* Oedipus complex - boy’s sexual desire towards mother and jealous at father
* Electra complex - girl's sexual desire to father and jealous of mother
10
New cards
defense mechanisms
ego’s protective method of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality
11
New cards
repression
banishes anxiety arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness.

* forgetting to go meet your mother’s new boyfriend for lunch
12
New cards
regression
retreating to an earlier infantile stage of development

* facing anxiety on first day of school, child may regress to sucking their thumb
13
New cards
reaction formation
ego unconsciously makes unacceptable impulses look like their opposite

* angry at coworker, so act nice to him
14
New cards
projection
people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others

* “he doesn’t trust me” but in reality to don’t trust him
15
New cards
rationalization
unconsciously generate self-justifying explanations to hide from ourselves the real reasons for our actions

* “i only cheated on a few questions, i knew most of it”
16
New cards
displacement
diverts sexual and aggressive impulses towards an object or person that is psychologically more acceptable than the one that aroused the feeling

* football player gets yelled at by coach and goes home and yells at brother
17
New cards
sublimation
channeling impulses into socially acceptable behavior

* a hostile student who channel aggressive impulses into contact sports
18
New cards
denial
refuse to accept reality
19
New cards
procrastination
put off or delay something, especially when requiring immediate attention
20
New cards
undoing
attempt to take back unconscious behavior or thought

* after insulting friend, shower them with compliments
21
New cards
Neo-freudians and their contributions
alfred adler

* inferiority complex - feelings of inadequacy and insecurity that serve as a central source of motivation
* sibling rivalry - jealousies between brothers and sisters

Karen Horney

* said childhood anxiety, caused by the dependent child’s sense of helplessness, triggers our desire for love and security.

Carl Jung - believed the unconscious contains more than our repressed thoughts and feelings

* collective unconscious - a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from species’ history
22
New cards
projective tests
present an ambiguous stimulus and then ask takers to describe it or tell a story about it. stimulus has no instant effect.
23
New cards
thematic apperception test (TAT)
projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes.
24
New cards
Rorschach inkblot test
most widely used projective test - set of 10 inkblots and identify people’s inner feelings by analyzing their interpretation of the blots
25
New cards
focus of humanistic psychologists
focused on the ways “healthy” people strive to self-determination and self-realization
26
New cards
self actualization
ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self esteem is achieved
27
New cards
carl rogers and ones self concept and unconditional positive regard
agreed with much of maslow’s thinking

self concept - all thoughts and feeling about ourselves (“who am I”)

positive regard - an attitude of total acceptance towards another person
28
New cards
trait perspective
By Gordon Allport: trait - a characteristic pattern of behavior of a disposition to feel and act as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports.
29
New cards
eyesenck’s personality dimensions
extroversion-introversion and emotional-stability-instability will explain normal individual variations.
30
New cards
big five personality factors

1. conscientiousness - organized careful, disciplined, OR you are disorganized, careless, or impulsive
2. agreeableness - soft hearted, trusting, helpful, OR ruthlessness, suspicious, uncooperative
3. neuroticism - (emotional stability vs instability) -calm secure, self satisfied, OR anxious insecure, self-pitying
4. openness - imaginative, preference for variety, independent OR practical, preference, for routing, conforming.
5. extraversion - sociable, fun-loving, affectionate, OR retiring, sober, reserved
31
New cards
person-situations controversy
look for genuine personality traits that persist over time and across situations.
32
New cards
expressive style
our animation, manner or speaking and gestures.
33
New cards
albert bandura and social cognitive perspective
views behavior as influenced by interaction between people’s traits (including their thinking) and social context
34
New cards
reciprocal determinism and ways individuals and environment interact
interaction influences of behaviors, internal cognition, and environment
35
New cards
external locus of control
attributes academic success or failure to luck or chance, a higher power or the influence of another person
36
New cards
internal locus of control and what self control predicts
People who develop an internal locus of control believe that they are responsible for their own success.
37
New cards
learned helplesness
a state that occurs after a person has experienced a stressful situation repeatedly
38
New cards
optimism and pessimism
optimism - positive outlook

pessimism - negative outlook
39
New cards
the spotlight effect
overestimating other’s noticing and evaluatiing our appearance, performance, and blunders.
40
New cards
self esteem and the effects of high self-esteem and the effects of low self-esteem
one’s feeling of high or low self-worth

* too much self-esteem, students earn lower grades
* when temporary deflating self image - poeple become more likely to disparage other or be more racist
41
New cards
self-serving bias and findings about self-serving bias
readiness to perceive onself favorably

* people accept more responsibilities for good deeds than bad
* most people see themselves as better than average
42
New cards
defensive self-esteem and secure self esteem
defensive self-esteem is fragile, focuses on sustaining itself. secure self-esteem is less fragile. it’s less contingent on external evaluations.
43
New cards
individualist
someone with an independent sense of “me” and awareness of your personal worth and value. prioritizes personal goal.
44
New cards
collectivist
experience a greater loss of identity. cut off from family, groups, and loyal friends.