ib english- metalanguage + useful vocab

auditory imagery

imagery represented through sound

gustatory imagery

imagery relating to taste

kinaesthetic imagery

imagery through movement

olfactory imagery

imagery through smell

pastoral idyll

imagery or linguistic and thematic focus on nature/farming, in a positive way

tactile imagery

imagery through touch

visual imagery

imagery through sight

concrete language

things percieved (through the senses) like colour, smell, etc

allusion

passing reference

abstract language

intangible things described by language

figurative language

alters the meaning of language to develop physical and sensory effect and extend complexity or nuance

anaphora

the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses

anthropomorphis

attributing a human form or human characteristics to something inhuman

antithesis

an opposition between two things/ideas/words/phrases

aphorism

a concise statement of a truth, wisdom or principle

ars poetica

writing about writing, poetry on poetry

caesura

an established (generally grammatically) pause/break within a line of verse

connotation

the combined references or meanings within a word, through use, etymology, or definition.

didactism

intended to instruct (see panel)

equivocation

the use of ambiguous language or comparison of two or more incomparable ideas or thing to increase confusion

in media res

in the middle of things, particularly in terms of the point where a narrative begins

hyperbole

gross exaggeration

metaphor

describing something as something else that it is not

paradox

a contradiction of two things, or a joining of two opposing ideas

pathetic fallacy

ascribing human emotion to things; a reflection of emotion in objects or outside forces

personification

ascribing human qualities to an object

oxymoron

a contradictory two part phrase

metonymy

the substitution of a part/characteristic/link of the idea for that of the thing meant

sibilance

a repetition of the 's' sound

simile

the comparison of two unlike things, generally using "like" or "as"

Synesthesia

when one kind of sensory stimulus evokes the subjective experience of another, or cross-sensory ideas or links

symbolism

the use of symbols to represent ideas, qualities, or themes

synecdoche

using a part to represent a whole

assonance

repetition of an internal vowel sound between words, almost like a central vowel-based rhyme.

temporal

of or relating to time

alliteration

repetition of an initial consonant across words

cacophony

harsh words that create unpleasant, often guttural sounds

consonance

repetition of a consonant sound

euphony

harmonious sounds throughout words or phrases

slant rhyme, half rhyme

near rhyme, or rhyme that comes close to perfect rhyme but often has one or two letters of difference. eg light + brightly

onomatopoeia

a word that imitates the sound it represents

internal rhyme

occurs between 2 or more words in the same line of verse

rhyme scheme

the patttern or structure of rhyme throughout a verse/poem

blank verse

unrhymed verse, generally written in iambic pentameter

ballad

simple story, poem or song, often sad or dramatic

monologue

an extended and/or unbroken speech by one actor, generally of importance

free verse

poetry that does not rhyme or have a regular meter

poetic prose

prose that employs poetic devices, rhythm, etc

petrarchan sonnet

a sonnet formed by an octave and a sestet, with a volta. octave requires ABBAABBA

Shakespearean sonnet

three quatrains followed by a couplet of rhyming verse, generally written in iambic pentameter

lexical

relating to words/vocabulary or construction therein (eg. habit in inhabit)

couplet

two paired lines of verse, a two line stanza

stanza

a group of lines in verse/poetry

quatrain

a group of four lines, a four line stanza

sestet

a group of six lines, a six line stanza

octave

a group of eight lines, an eight line stanza

allegory

where a figure, thing or idea becomes emblematic of something larger or more abstract, or sometimes the human experience

allegorical figure

a particular figure that represents a broader group, experience or idea

analogy

comparison between two different things which hold similarities in their characteristics or relationship

archetypal

representative of an established thing (idea, trope, position or character)

aside

a remark from an actor to the audience,

fourth wall

an intangible barrier between the stage and an audience, and between each of their worlds

characterisation

the creation or establishment of a character

classical

of or relating to ancient greek and roman culture and particularly it's literature

denouement

the conclusion or outcome following the final dramatic climax/complication of a text/poem/play/etc

elegy

a sorrowful and often mornful poem or speech

soliloquy

where a character adresses themselves or speaks their thoughts aloud, generally in an extended speech, and generally regardless of the presence of others

foreshadowing

preemptive reference or allusion to events or ideas that are to come by the author/poet

social realism

a form of realism in art, often literature, critical of society and its flaws

idiom

a relatively common expression, generally unique to a given language, wherein the meaning cannot be understood from the sum of its parts

irony

a contrast or discrepancy between what is foreshadowed/expected/greatly desired and that which actually happens.

logos

an appeal to logic, generally for means of persuasion

pathos

an appeal to emotion or sympathy, generally as a means of persuasion

meter

a pattern of stress/emphasis and unstressed syllables in verse

motif

recurrent image, subject, theme or idea

omniscient

all knowing and all seeing

dialect

a variation of speech or language specific to a region or cultural group

dialectal

of or referring to characteristics of a dialect

rhetoric

speaking or writing effectively, generally with persuasive intent

anticlimactic

a series of events or developement of language and ideas that was expected to reach a peak but fails, usually accompanied by a shift in tone

colloquial

characteristic or ordinary or informal language, generally conversation

colloquialism

a particular phrase, expression or word characteristic of informal speech

caricature

an exaggerated portrayal, often a mockery

euphemism

an indirect, less offesnive or subtle means of referring to something offensive/taboo/inapropriate