CH.4 ABA

According to the Law of Effect, behavior is a function of its what?

Consequences

Law of Effect is a product of….

Operant reinforcement

What is the three part definition of reinforcement?

The occurrence of behavior

Results in an immediate consequence

The results in the strengthening of the behavior

(a behavior is strengthened by the consequence)

Strengthening

Process of increasing the dimensions of behavior (Frequency, Duration, Intensity and Latency)

How does strengthening change the dimensions of behavior?

Frequency, Duration and Intensity increases, Latency decreases

Reinforcer

A consequence that strengthens operant behavior

Operant behavior

a voluntary, learned behavior that is influenced by its consequences

Respondent Behavior

An involuntary, elicited behavior that is controlled by antecedents (before behavior)

Both positive and negative reinforcement ________ behavior

strengthen

Positive Reinforcement three part definition

The occurrence of a behavior

Is followed by the addition of a stimulus or event (or increase the intensity of the stimulus)

Which results in the strengthening of the behavior.

Positive Reinforcer

the stimulus that is presented or that appears after the behavior

Negative Reinforcement three part definition

The occurrence of a behavior

Is followed by the removal of a stimulus or event (or decrease the intensity of the stimulus)

Which results in the strengthening of the behavior

Negative Reinforcer

The stimulus that is removed or avoided after the behavior

Unconditioned (Primary) Reinforcers

reinforcers the first time they are presented to most human beings; no prior experience with these stimuli is needed for them to function as reinforcers. Exp. Food, Water, Shelter

Conditioned (Primary) Reinforcers

Stimulus that was once neutral but became established as a reinforcer by being paired with an unconditioned reinforcer or an already established conditioned reinforcer. Exp: Money, Grades,Toys

Reinforcement

Generalized Conditioned Reinforcer

When a conditioned reinforcer is paired with a wide variety of other reinforcers. Exp. Money, Praise

Escape Behavior

The occurrence of the behavior results in the termination of an aversive stimulus that was already present when the behavior occurred.

Avoidance Behavior

The occurrence of the behavior prevents an aversive stimulus from occurring in the first place.

Aversive Stimulus

The stimulus that is removed or avoided after the behavior in negative reinforcement

Reinforcement is a ______ and ______

process, procedure

Reinforcer

A stimulus or event that immediately follows behavior, increasing the future probability of that behavior under similar conditions

What 5 factors influence reinforcement?

Immediacy, contingency, individual differences, magnitude, Motivating Operations (MO’s)

Motivating Operation (MO’s)

antecedent events that make a particular consequence more or less reinforcing at some times than at other times

What are the two types of MO’s?

Establishing and Abolishing Operations

Establishing Operations (EO’s)

makes a reinforcer more potent by establishing the effectiveness of the reinforcer

Abolishing Operations (AO’s)

makes a reinforcer less potent by abolishing the effectiveness of the reinforcer

Deprivation

an EO in which an organism has gone without a particular reinforcer for some time Exp: Food, Water, Sleep

Satiation

an AO in which an organism has consumed a large amount of a reinforcer

Schedule of reinforcement

specifies whether every response is followed by a reinforcer or whether only some response are followed by a reinforcer

What are the two types of schedule reinforcement?

Continuous reinforcement schedule (CRF) and intermittent reinforcement schedule (INT)