NPB101W2025_Control Systems Homeostasis

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17 Terms

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Homeostasis
The tendency of a system to maintain internal stability, owing to the coordinated response of its parts to situations or stimuli disturbing its normal condition.
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Control Theory
Describes mechanisms by which a system can control or regulate a variable despite disturbances.
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Feedback Control
The control action that is dependent on the output of a system.
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Negative Feedback Control
A type of feedback control where the action decreases the effect of any disturbance, maintaining stability in the system.
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Positive Feedback Control
A type of feedback control that increases the effect of any disturbance, usually driving the system in an extreme direction.
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Feed-forward Control System
A control system where the controller anticipates disturbance and acts accordingly, independent of the output.
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Afferent Signal
Signal that travels towards the central processing unit in a control system.
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Efferent Signal
Signal that travels away from the central processing unit to enact a response in a control system.
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Sensor
The component of a control system that detects changes in the controlled variable.
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Integrator
The component of a control system that processes information from the sensor and decides on the response.
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Effector
The component of a control system that carries out the response to restore homeostasis.
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Pathophysiology
The study of how disease processes affect the function of the body, often reflecting a dysregulated homeostatic system.
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Intrinsically Controlled Systems
Control systems that are built into an organ or tissue and respond locally to maintain homeostasis.
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Extrinsically Controlled Systems
Control systems contained outside of an organ or system that coordinate the regulation of several organs.
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Hormones
Extracellular signaling molecules released into the blood that act on specific target cells to elicit a physiological response.
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Neurotransmitters
Chemical messengers released by nerve cells to transmit signals across a synapse.
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Endocrine Signaling
Hormonal signaling where hormones are released into the blood and act at distant target cells.