Add. Behaviors Quiz 1

Mild Cases

2-3 symptoms

Moderate Cases

4-5 symptoms

Severe

6+ Symptoms

Criterion A

A problematic pattern of alcohol use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, as manifested by at least two of the following, occurring within a 12-month period

Impaired Control Symptoms

Amount, Desire or effort, Time, Craving

Social Impairment Symptoms

Failure to fulfill obligations, Social and interpersonal problems, Important activates reduced

Ricky Use Symptoms

Physically hazardous situations, Use despite physical/psychological Problems

Pharmacological Symptoms

Tolerance, Withdrawal

Tolerence

-Need for markedly increased amounts of alcohol to achieve intoxication or desired effect
-Markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of alcohol

Withdrawal

-Characteristic withdrawal syndrome for alcohol (refer to Criteria A and B of the criteria set for alcohol withdrawal)
-Alcohol (or a closely related substance, such as a benzodiazepine) is taken to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms

Be able to name several DSM-5-TR examples of behavioral and chemical addiction

(In progress)

Addiction as Immoral Conduct

Refusal to abide by some ethical or moral code of conduct
Freely chosen, addicts are not out of control
Best treatment is punishment

· Addiction as Immoral Conduct Punishment Examples

War on Drugs, Controlled Substances Act

Addiction as Immoral Conduct Advocation

Politicians, Schools (DARE), Law enforcement

Occam's Razor

Among competing hypotheses, the one with the fewest assumptions should be selected. When you have two competing theories that make exactly the same predictions, the simpler one is better.

Addiction as Disease

Progressive, chronic disease
Illness indicating Loss of control, Denial of its effect on life, No cure. Only management

Addiction as Disease Evidence

-Higher likelihood for those with a family history
-Monozygotic vs. dizygotic twins twin studies
-Some carry an underlying vulnerability to develop a range of compulsive and addictive disorders

Addiction as Disease Opposition

-Genetic and twin studies cannot rule out environmental contribution
-Numerous behavioral studies refuted irreversible disease leading to loss of control
-Individuals have different factors or vulnerabilities which play an important role

Addiction as Disease Advocation

Medical Professions, treatment industry, pharmaceutical industry

Addiction as Maladaptive Behavior

Learning Model, different from Disease model

Maladaptive Behavior

Behaviors some people use to avoid directly confronting the discomfort of new situations or environments. Hinders a person's ability to function in work, school, relationships, or society

Learning Model Definiton

The hypothesis that mental disorders result from some form of faulty learning.

Learning Model

Expected shift as seen across habitual activities
Empirical evidence showing operant conditioning present in later stages

Learning Model- Contingency Management

Highly effective
Voucher-Based Reinforcement (Money Incentive)
Prize Incentives (Chips to exchange)

Learning Model Impact

Greater possibility of freedom
Empowering self-directed change

Independent Variable

Manipulation
Assumed direct effect on dependent variable

Independent Variable (IV)

X

Dependent Variable

Measure
After making changes to independent variable

Dependent Variable (DV)

Y

Extraneous Variables

Demand characteristics
Experimenter effects
Situational
Participant

Risk Factors

discrimination, micro-aggression, poverty, stress

Affirmation

positive assertion; confirmation

Affirmation Examples

If I could choose, I would not prefer to be of a different ethnicity
My feelings about my ethnicity are mostly negative

Exploration

Thorough analysis of a subject or theme

Exploration examples

I have learned about my ethnicity by doing things such as reading (books, magazines, newspapers), searching the internet, or keeping up with current events

Resolution

determination

Resolution Examples

I am clear about what my ethnicity means to me
I understand how I feel about my ethnicity

Strong Affirmation exhibit less alcohol use disorder symptoms in

African American and Asian populations

· Strong Affirmation exhibit (more/less) alcohol use disorder symptoms in African American and Asian populations

less

· Strong Affirmation exhibit less alcohol use disorder symptoms in African American and Asian populations. Why?

Thought of themselves as exemplary, reflected what they believed

High Exploration predicted with greater AUD in

African Americans

High Exploration predicted with (greater/lesser) AUD in African Americans

greater

High Exploration predicted with greater AUD in African Americans. Why?

African Americans are the most discriminated online, where most exploration of identity takes place

Resolution AUD is greater in

multi-racial identities

Resolution AUD is (greater/lesser) in multi-racial identities

greater

Social facilitation

Interaction & Cohesion
Expected Behavior
Cultures, families, and social settings

Release from social obligations

Role obligations
Time out hypothesis
Achievement anxiety theory
Discrimination and oppression

Repudiation of social norms

Gives the finger
Goes against the grain
Swims upstream

Marking boundaries

Mark difference between groups
Signify commonalities among group members
Macro vs meso vs micro

Crossing boundaries

Mark milestones, passage of time or life stages, or intentional changes in stages of consciousness