Anatomy lab 2

skeletal muscle

long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells, obvious striations, nuclei are located along edge of cell

skeletal muscle

voluntary movement

locomotion

manipulation of the environment

facial expression

voluntary control

skeletal muscle

attached to bones or occasionally to skin

cardiac muscle

branching

striated

generally uninucliated cells that interdigitate at specialized junctions (one nucleus centrally located)

cardiac muscle

as it contracts it pumps blood into circulation, involuntary control

smooth muscle

spindle shaped cells with central nuclei

no striations

cells arranged closely to form sheets

smooth muscle

propels substances or objects along internal passageways

involuntary control

smooth muscle

mostly in walls of hollow organs

nervous tissue

branching cells

cell processes that may be long extended from nucleus containing cell body

nervous tissue

transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors and to effectors which control their activity

nervous tissue

brain

spinal cord

nerves

simple columnar epithelium

single layer of tall cells with round, oval nuclei

some bear cilia

layer may contain mucus secreting unicellular glands (goblet cells)

simple columnar epithelium

absorption

secretion of mucus

enzymes

ciliated type propels mucus by ciliary action

simple columnar epithelium (nonciliated)

lines most of the digestive tract, gallbladder, excretory ducts of some glands

simple columnar epithelium (ciliated)

lines small bronchi

uterine tubes

some regions of uterus

cilia on apical surface

simple squamous epithelium

single layer of flattened cells with disc shaped central nuclei

sparse cytoplasm

the simplest of the epithelium

simple squamous epithelium

allows passage of materials by diffusion and filtration sites where protection is not important

secretes lubricating substances serosae

simple squamous epithelium

kidney

glomeruli

air sacs of lungs

lining of heart, blood vessels

lymphatic vessels

lining of ventral body cavity

simple cuboidal epithelium

singe layer of cubelike cells

large spherical central nuclei

often forms tubes of circles

simple cuboidal epithelium

secretion and absorption

simple cuboidal epithelium

kidney tubules

ducts and secretory portions of small gonads

ovary surface

reticular connective tissue (loose)

network of fibers in loose ground substance

cells lie on the network

reticular connective tissue (loose)

fibers form soft internal skeleton (stroma) that supports other cell types including white blood cells, mast cells, and macrophages

looks like spiderweb/net supporting lots of cells

reticular connective tissue (loose)

lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen)

areolar connective tissue (loose)

gel like matrix with all three fiber types: cell, fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, and some white blood cells

areolar connective tissue (loose)

wraps and cushions organs

its macrophages phagocytize bacteria

plays a role in inflammation, holds and conveys tissue fluid

areolar connective tissue (loose)

widely distributed under epithelia of body, i.e. forms lamina proper of mucous membranes, packages organs, surrounds capillaries

adipose connective tissue (loose)

matrix as in areolar

very sparse

closely packed adipocytes or fat cells

have nucleus pushed to the side by large fat droplet

cells look like empty bubbles

adipose connective tissue (loose)

provides reserve food fuel

insulates against heat loss

supports and protects organs

adipose connective tissue (loose)

under skin in hypodermis

around kidneys and eyeballs

within abdomen

in breasts

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

single layer of cells of differing heights

all cells touch basement membrane

nuclei seen at different levels

may contain mucus secreting goblet cells and bear cilia

cilia on apical surface

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

secretion (particularly of mucus)

propulsion of mucus by ciliary action

pseudostratified columnar epithelium (nonciliated)

males sperm carrying ducts

ducts of large gonads

pseudostratified columnar epithelium (ciliated)

lines trachea

most of upper respiratory tract

stratified squamous epithelium

thick membrane composed of several layers

base cells are cuboidal or columnar and metabolically active

surface cells are flattened

stratified squamous epithelium

protects underlying tissues in areas subject to absorption

protection from abrasion

stratified squamous epithelium (nonkeratinized)

forms moist linings of esophagus, mouth, vagina

stratified squamous epithelium (keratinized)

epidermis of skin

a dry membrane

transitional epithelium

resembles both stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal

basal cells are cuboidal or columnar

surface cells dome shaped or squamous like depending on degree of organ stretch

allows urinary organs to expand and contract

transitional epithelium

stretched readily

permits distension of urinary organ by contained urine

transitional epithelium

lines ureters

bladder

part of urethra

blood

red and white blood cells in a fluid matrix (plasma)

blood

transport respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes, and other substances

blood

contained within blood vessels

bone (osseous tissue)

hard

calcified matric containing collagen fibers

osteocytes line in lacunae

well vascularized

bone (osseous tissue)

supports and protects

provides levers for muscles to act on

stores calcium and other minerals and fat

marrow inside is the site of blood cell formation

dense regular connective tissue

primarily parallel collagen fibers

few elastic fibers

major cell type is the fibroblasts

dense regular connective tissue

attaches muscles to bones or to muscles

attaches bones to bones

withstands great tensile stress when pulling force is applied in one direction

dense regular connective tissue

tendons

most ligaments

aponeuroses

dense irregular connective tissue

irregularly arranged collagen fibers

some elastic fibers

major cell type is fibroblast

dense irregular connective tissue

able to withstand tension exerted in many directions

provides structural strength

dense irregular connective tissue

fibrous capsules of organs and joints

dermis of skin

submucosa of digestive tract

hyaline cartilage

amorphous but firm matrix

collagen fibers form imperceptible network

chondroblasts produce the matrix when mature lie in lacunae

hyaline cartilage

supports and reinforces

has resilient cushioning properties

resists comprehensive stress

hyaline cartilage

forms most of embryonic skeleton

covers ends of long bones in joint cavities

forms coastal cartilages of the ribs, nose, trachea and larynx

elastic cartilage

similar to hyaline but more elastic fibers in matrix

elastic cartilage

maintains shape of a structure

allows great flexibility

elastic cartilage

supports external ear and epiglottis

fibrocartilage

matrix similar but less firm than hyaline

thick collagen fibers predominate

fibrocartilage

tensile strength

ability to absorb compressive shock

fibrocartilage

intervertebral discs

pubic symphysis

discs of knee joints

cardiac muscle

skeletal muscle

nervous tissue

smooth muscle tissue

simple squamous epithelium

simple columnar epithelium

simple cuboidal epithelium

areolar connective tissue (loose)

adipose connective tissue (loose)

dense elastic connective tissue

reticular connective tissue (loose)

bone tissue

blood

transitional epithelium

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

stratified squamous epithelium

dense irregular connective tissue

dense regular connective tissue

elastic cartilage

hyaline cartilage

fibrocartilage

cutaneous membrane

mucosal membrane

serous membrane