Skull & Facial Bones Positioning Quizlet

MSP, IPL

Lateral skull head position : ___ parallel to IR; ___ perpendicular to IR

2, EAM

Lateral CR : Perpendicular, about _ inches superior to the ___

Lateral skull

what should I see? : Entire cranium with sella turcica in profile

superimposed

True lateral skull eval: Paired structures should be ___ with no rotation

PA skull

head position : OML perpendicular to IR; MSP perpendicular to IR

PA skull

CR : Perpendicular and exits at the nasion

Symmetric, petrous ridges, orbital region

what should I see in a PA Skull? : ____ skull with __ ___ projected high in the ___ ___

AP axial Towne

CR angle : 30° caudad to the OML

AP axial Towne

CR entrance : About 2.5 inches (6 cm) superior to the glabella

IOML, 37° caudad

AP Axial “Towne”: if patient cannot tuck chin enough use ___ perpendicular to IR and increase CR angle to ____ ____

Dorsum sellae and posterior clinoid processes

On a properly positioned AP axial (Towne) skull, what should be projected within the foramen magnum?

Petrous pyramids should be symmetric

Towne — how do I know there’s no rotation?

dorsum , posterior clinoids

AP Axial Towne: ___ and __ ___ IN the foramen magnum

OML perpendicular to the IR

For a PA axial (Caldwell) skull projection, which positioning line should be perpendicular to the IR?

PA axial Caldwell

CR : 15° caudad and exits at the nasion

On a properly positioned PA axial (Caldwell) skull projection, where should the petrous ridges be projected?

In the lower one-third of the orbits

15°,⅓

Caldwell Axial: ___ degrees DOWN → petrous ridges DOWN into lower ___ of eyes

Hyperextend the neck until the IOML is parallel to the IR

How should the patient’s head be positioned for an SMV (submentovertex) skull projection?

MSP, IOML

SMV projection: ___ is Perpendicular to the IR ___ is Parallel to the IR

Perpendicular to both the IOML and the IR

For an SMV skull projection, how should the central ray be directed relative to the IOML and the IR?

Base of the skull and zygomatic arches

what does SMV projection demonstrate? :

SMV, IOML

What view is this and what is parallel to the IR?

MSP parallel to the IR; IPL perpendicular to the IR

For a true lateral projection of the facial bones, how should the MSP and IPL be positioned relative to the IR?

Perpendicular, outer canthus, EAM

For lateral face bones the CR is (Orientation)_ centered near the zygoma midway between the ___ ___ and ___

Orbital roofs and mandibular rami, Sella turcica

What indicates a true lateral facial-bones projection?

What is superimposed and seen in profil

MML

Waters head position : Extend the chin until the ___ is perpendicular to the IR

Waters

OML : About 37° to the IR

Acanthion

“Waters”CR exit : ____

0.75, chin

Parietoacanthial Waters Method nose-to-IR distance is __ inches due to __ placement

Maxillae, maxillary sinuses, and inferior orbital margins

what should I see for “waters" : ___, ___ __ and ___ ___ __

Waters

petrous ridge position : Petrous ridges should be below the maxillary sinuses

petrous ridges DROP

Waters: what happens when you push the Chin up → ___ ___ __ below maxillary sinuses

OML, 55°

Modified Waters the - - line is about __ degrees to the IR

No angle

Modified Waters tube angle :

Acanthion

Modified Waters CR exit : _____

Orbital floors, blowout fractures

Modified Waters best use : ____ ____ , especially suspected ___ ____

15° caudad, nasion

Facial bones Caldwell CR is angled ___ ___ exiting the ___

Superior orbital margins and maxillae

Which two structures should be well demonstrated on a properly positioned PA axial (Caldwell) projection of the facial bones?

PA Axial, 15° caudad, 0

__ ___ Caldwell = tube angled ___ ___ ; Waters = _

30°, 15°

Towne = ___ caudad; Caldwell = ___ caudad

Waters vs SMV

Waters = chin extended; SMV = neck hyperextended much farther

SMV

Projection for zygomatic arches

dorsum sellae, posterior clinoids

AP axial Towne: you see the __ ___ and the ____ ___ in foramen magnum

PA axial Caldwell Eval

petrous ridges in lower ⅓ of orbits

Waters Eval

petrous ridges below maxillary sinuses