APUSH Period 3

Albany Plan of Union

Benjamin Franklin proposed that the colonies be joined under one government (join or die). It did not succeed but later influenced the constitution

Deism

Believed God established natural laws when creating the universe but the role of divine intervention was minimal

John Locke

Wrote “Two Treatise of Government” saying the government should follow natural rights and, if not, citizens had the right to fight for them

Benjamin Franklin

Proposed the Albany Plan of Union

Pontiac’s Rebellion

British test on the colonies by having natives attack and burn settlements (post-war)

Sugar Act of 1764

A.K.A. the Revenue Act of 1764, placing taxes on foreign sugar and certain luxuries to raise money for the crown

Stamp Act

First direct tax on the colonies (paper) that angered colonists and created “no taxation without representation”

Quartering Act

Required colonists to provide food/living quarters for British colonists

Stamp Act Congress

9 colonial representatives met in NY and said only elected representatives could collect taxes

Sons of Liberty

Group of protesters against British taxes

Declaratory Act

Parliament repealed the Stamp Act but asserted its authority

Townshend Act

Duties on tea, glass, and paper, allowed search of private homes, suspended NY’s assembly, and was hated

Tea Act

Part of the Townshend Acts, made tea cheaper than smuggled tea

Coercive Acts

Included the Port Act, Massachusetts Government Act, Administration of Justice Act, and expanded the Quartering Act

Continental Congress

1) To respond to Britain’s alarming threats to their liberties, 2) To decide if they should declare independence or renew their relationship with Britain

Minutemen

Militia of Lexington (Paul Revere + William Dawes)

Tories

Those who still allied with the king (a.k.a. loyalists)

George Washington

Led a small VA militia to win the Ohio River Valley

Declaration of Independence

Listed grievances against King George III’s government + justified the revolution

Samuel Adams

Cousin of John Adams, radical, and initiated the Committees of Correspondence

Thomas Paine

Wrote “Common Sense” to justify independence

Thomas Jefferson

Wrote political essays to justify independence

Battle of Saratoga

British army lost and France created an alliance with the US

Battle of Yorktown

Last major battle of the war as George Washington defeated General Charles Cornwallis

Articles of Confederation

John Dickinson’s plan to protect the powers of the individual states

Land Ordinance of 1785

Policy for watching/selling west lands

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Rules for the land between the Great Lakes and the Ohio River

Shay’s Rebellion

Massachusetts farmers protested high state taxes, imprisonment for debt, and lack of paper money

Virginia Plan

Madison said large states should have more representation

New Jersey Plan

Favored small states compared to VA plan

Federalists

Supported the Constitution + strong central government

Anti-Federalists

Opposed federalist beliefs

James Madison

“Father of the Constitution”/wrote persuasive essays

Hamilton’s Financial Plan

Pay national/state war debts, raise money with tariffs to protect industries, and make a national bank

Jay Treaty

British must remove posts in the US (did NOT mention seizures of merchant ships)

Pinckney Treaty

US can use Mississippi + New Orleans for trade

Whiskey Rebellion

Hamilton’s excise tax on whiskey was refused violently by Massachusetts farmers - Jefferson defended vs Washington

XYZ Affair

(1797) French agents asked American diplomats for bribes; angered Americans and led to a small naval fight called the Quasi-War

Kentucky-Virginian Solutions

(1798) Said states didn’t have to follow federal laws they found unfair. Supported states having power over the federal government (like Alien + Sedition Acts)

Election of 1800

Thomas Jefferson won (peaceful party power transfer). Aaron Burr + Jefferson tied by electoral college (House of Representatives decided)