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Political Psychology
Study of how psychological patterns influence political behavior
Identity
our sense of self
Attitudes
favor or disfavor towards a person, place, things, or events
Emotions
signals that tell your mind and body how to react
Most common emotion in poly psych
fear
Cognition
how we receive and process information
Group Identity
the identity associated with belonging to a group
Minimal Group Paradigm
the tendency of people to form groups and actively distinguish themselves from others for the most trivial of reasons
Robbers Cave
demonstrated that prejudice can be reduced by requiring groups to cooperate to achieve a goal
Social Identity Theory
explains how people construct and express their social identities, and how these identities influence intergroup behavior
Social Mobility
People attempt to disassociate with low status groups, move up by identifying with higher status groups
Social Creativity
If social mobility is blocked, protect against negative social identity
Realistic Interest Approaches
Group membership is politically consequential in securing tangible gains for group cohesion and depends on common fate
Realistic Group Conflict Theory
a theory that group conflict, prejudice, and discrimination are likely to arise over competition between groups for limited resources
Relative Deprivation Theory
perception that one groups resources are deteriorating relative to those of others
Conformity
Tendency to change beliefs or behaviors so they are consistent with group standard and norms
Informational conformity
Desire to be correct
Normative conformity
Desire to be liked by others
Bystander Phenomenon
When people are part of a group, there is a diffusion of responsibility, and people feel less compelled to intervene and help.
Priming
Media connects candidate to certain aspects, beliefs or associations
Framing
the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments.
Ambivalence
Conflicted or torn (may not have a strong opinion)
Socialization
The process of passing values from one generation to the next
Horserace Coverage
Focuses on polls and who is "leading", Less on issues, campaigns, or candidate speeches.
Bandwagon Effect
a shift in electoral support to the candidate whom public opinion polls report as the front-runner
Social Acceptance (Media Effects)
adopt majority because you want to be part of that group
Social Learning (Media Effects)
"wisdom of the crowds" (other people did the research so they must be correct)
Social Learning Theory
the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished
Social Identity Theory
priming of identity based on race and ethnicity
Social Dominance Theory
theory that if one group has dominae they will not want to give it up
Prejudice
preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience
Phenomenal Absolution Error
Evaluative component of the group is not seem as a judgement about the group but rather as an attribute of group (not an analysis of behavior, but interpreted as an inherent trait)
implict bias
attitudes or beliefs that affect our understanding, actions, and decisions in an unconscious manner
Ethnicity
Ethnic groups have cultural, ingustic, and religious commonalities, with a common origin or heritage
Ethnocentrism
The view of things in which ones own group is the center of everything and looks at contempt on outsiders.
Colonialism
the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically.
Genocide
Act committed with the intent to destroy in part or in whole a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group
Altruists
People who assist others at the cost of their own safety
Ten Stages of Genocide
1. Classification
2. Symbolization
3. Discrimination
4. Dehumanization
5. Organization
6. Polarization
7. Preparation
8. Persecution
9. Extermination
10. Denial
Four outcomes of conflict
1. Parties negotiate a resolution
2. One part withdraws from the conflict
3. One party yields to the other party
4. Parties fight or go to war
Mixed Motive Interactions
people are motivated to both cooperate and compete
Ego-defensiveness
Conflict resolution strategies that allow both parties to "save face"
Dehumanization
the process of depriving a person or group of positive human qualities.
Group Think
tendency for members of a group to think alike and suppress dissent
Transactional Leadership
leader trades favors, things of value for support
