ethics and morality

Code of hammurabi

The first recorded set of laws in human history

Hammurabi 1750BC

the standard practice of medicine time and culture

Hippocrates 460-370BC

Greek physician and wrote the hippocratic oath

Hippocratic oath

Principles of confidentiality, beneficence and nonmaleficence

Thomas percival 1803

English health reformer and medical doctor

Thomas percival

Published a document on prescribing the qualifications and duties of medical professionals

1930

Medicine was a paternalistic profession

Pseudoscience

Contradicting with scientific method

World war 2

1939-1945

World war 2

Unit 731 or ishii company

Dr. Josef mengele (angel of death) performed deadly human experiments under adol hitler on the prisoners to be killed in gas chambers

Nuremberg code

The set of research ethics principles for human study

• voluntary consent

• Fruitful result for the good of society

• No physical or mental suffering

• No harmful complication

• Never exceed with humanitarian

1972

Untold story of tuskee sphylisis shown in media

1946

Deceived black Americans

1960-1970

Transformed a dramatic shift and reconfigured into bioethics

4 prime factors: moral foundation of modern biomedical ethics

• autonomy

• Beneficence

• Nonmaleficence

• Justice

4 areas

• hospital ethics

• Ethics and private practices

• Clinical research

• Public health

Morality

Focuses on the good or right: conflict involving fundamental human values

Ethics

Called moral philosophy: branched of philosophy concerned with how we ought to live

ethics

Rules of conduct or social norms with respect

morals

Habits or behaviors with respect to individual beliefs right to wrong

Professional ethics

Promulgated with ethical codes which specific standards ethical conduct concerning a particular profession

Medical ethics

Health ethics: study and analysis of moral issue right and wrong medical treatment and research

Ethics, morality, and law

Overlap between ethics and the law

Utilitanarianism

Action as moral right if outcomes or sequences are good for the greatest number of the population

Deontology

Useless the rules to distinguish the right from wrong focusing on just the outcome

Truthfulness and confidentiality

Healthcare adjust to the healthcare professionals, not lie while confidentiality is about the privacy and their respecting of someone’s wishes

Autonomy

Refers to every individual right to self governance and, interdependence and freedom to make their own decision

Beneficence

Define as an act of doing good to others like charity, mercy, and kindness

Nonmaleficence

Means doing no harm or inflicting the least harm possible to the reach of beneficial outcome

Justice

Ethical principle that entails fairness equality and impartiality

Distributive justice

To have the right to be treated equally, regardless on the appearance, raise a snake origin, religion, and financial standing

Social justice

The access and participate in all aspects of goods or services provided in society, regardless of their social status