DNA and RNA

what does DNA stand for?

deoxyribonucleic acid

what does RNA stand for?

ribonucleic acid

what is DNA made of?

a condensation polymer containing sugar, phosphate and a base

what are DNA monomers called?

nucleotides

what is the sugar phosphate backbone?

a polymer strand of nucleotides held together by a sugar-phosphate bond

how do the bases attach?

through condensation with the OH on the deoxyribose

what are the 4 bases in DNA?

A C T G

what are the 4 bases in RNA?

A C U G

what does A stand for?

adenine

what does C stand for?

Cytosine

what does T stand for?

Thymine

what does G stand for?

Guanine

what does U stand for?

Uracil

how does the double helix form?

2 stands of DNA joining by H bonds between complimentary base pairs

what are the 2 pairs and how many H bonds does each pairs form?

G+C (3 H bonds) and A+T (2 H bonds)

what is transcription?

2 strands separated by enzymes with 1 strand being used as a template for RNA coding for proteins

what is translation?

RNA nucleotides grouped into base triplets/ codons corresponding to an amino acid which can then join to form proteins