The Gastrointestinal System (1)

Gastrointestinal System

A system comprising the upper and lower GI tract, including organs such as the stomach, intestines, and accessory organs.

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)

A condition characterized by erosion of the mucosal layer of the stomach or duodenum, leading to inflammation.

Risk Factors for PUD

Family history, high stress levels, Type O blood, Heliobacter pylori infection, tobacco use, caffeine intake, and certain medications.

Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)

A class of drugs that block the enzyme responsible for producing hydrochloric acid in the stomach.

H2-receptor Antagonists

Medications that block H2 receptors to reduce stomach acid secretion, including drugs like ranitidine and famotidine.

Antacids

Alkaline substances that neutralize stomach acids, helping to relieve symptoms of indigestion and heartburn.

Peristalsis

The coordinated, rhythmic contraction of smooth muscles in the GI tract that propels contents forward.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

A chronic condition in which stomach contents flow back into the esophagus, causing symptoms like heartburn.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

A functional bowel disorder characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits without identifiable organic disease.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

A group of inflammatory conditions of the colon and small intestine, primarily ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.

Nausea and Vomiting (N&V)

Reflex actions starting in the CNS, leading to the expulsion of stomach contents; often a symptom of underlying issues.

Villi

Small, finger-like projections in the small intestine that absorb nutrients from digested food.

Constipation

A condition marked by infrequent bowel movements and difficulty in stool passage.

Diarrhea

An increase in the frequency and fluidity of bowel movements.

Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)

A strong acid produced by the stomach's parietal cells, essential for digestion and maintaining stomach pH.

Intrinsic Factor

A protein secreted by the stomach that is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12.

Corticosteroids

A class of medications often implicated in causing peptic ulcers and other gastrointestinal complications.

Electrolyte Disturbances

Imbalances of essential minerals in the body, often caused by medications or conditions affecting GI absorption.

BRAT Diet

A diet consisting of bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast, often recommended for diarrhea recovery.

Heliobacter pylori

A type of bacteria commonly associated with the cause of peptic ulcers.

Sucralfate

A medication that acts as a protective barrier for the stomach lining, used in the treatment of ulcers.

Prostaglandin

A group of active lipids involved in various bodily functions, including the protection of the stomach lining.

Vitamins

Organic compounds required in small amounts for metabolism and growth; must be obtained from the diet.

Minerals

Inorganic substances needed in the body for various physiological functions, including electrolytes.