Sectional Conflict----Battles and Turning Points of the Civil War

Missouri Compromise led to the establishment of free states

Maine, Michigan, Iowa, and Wisconsin

Missouri Compromise led to the establishment of slave states

Missouri, Arkansas, Florida, Texas

Any territory south of the Southern Missouri border

Supposed to be slave

Any territory north of the Southern Missouri border

Supposed to be free

Free-Soil Party

Formed to oppose the expansion of slavery. Their slogan was “free-soil, free speech, free labor, and free men”

Free Soil ideology based on

Slavery could not be outlawed in the South

The free labor workers in the North and farmers in the West would not be able to compete with the slave labor in the South

The Compromise of 1850

Allowed California to enter the Union as a free state. This ended the balance of free and slave states established by the Missouri Compromise and gave free states a majority in the Senate. It declared the unorganized territories that did not have governments would be free as well. It also let people in the Utah and New Mexico territories decide the issue by popular sovereignty (voting whether to be free or slave). The Fugitive Slave Law stated Northerners had to return escaped slaves to their owners. Runaway posters were used by Southerners as a result of the passage of the Compromise of 1850

Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854

Allowed popular sovereignty to decide free or slave state. It did away with the Missouri Compromise. It created the Republican Party and led to Bleeding Kansas where abolitionists and supporters of slavery fought

Charles Summer

A senator from Massachusetts strongly criticized the Kansas-Nebraska Act which led to Senator Preston Brooks from SC to attack him

Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850, Kansas-Nebraska Act all…

Resolved the issue of slavery in newly acquired US territories

Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Compromise of 1850

Increased sectionalism

Republican Party

formed from Northern Democrats who opposed slavery. Whigs, and Free Soil. (1854) The Republican Party opposed the extension of slavery into new US territories

Abraham Lincoln

A former Whig, joined the Republican Party and became the first Republican President

John Brown’s raid at Harper’s Ferry

Was an attempt to start a slave rebellion. Plantation owners feared abolitionists would become more militant

Dred Scott v. Sandford

The Supreme Court used the 5th amendment to rule that Mr. Scott must be returned to the South because a slave owner cannot be deprived of his '“property” without due process of the law. This decision struck down Missouri Compromise because it wiped out the difference between free and slave states.

The election of 1860

(Abraham Lincoln) caused Southern States to secede and form the Confederate States of America

Border states

Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri (slave states) strayed with the Union. West VA would secede from VA and stay with the Union. Southern States that supported slavery chose to secede from the Union

First shots of the Civil Wae

Happened at Fort Sumter, SC which took place to protect Confederate troops

The South had a home field advantage of knowing the terrain

King Cotton

The South used this as a strategy to convince Britain and France to support the South due to their dependence upon Southern cotton. Britain turned to India, Egypt, and Brazil for cotton

The North used the following strategy:

divide the South at the Mississippi River, destroy the economy of the South by preventing it from trading with Europe, settle the West through the Homestead Act and the Transcontinental Railroad, and take the battles into the South

The North had advantages such as

Greater manufacturing capacity (guns, textiles, and shoes), steamboats and canals, better technologies (more railroads and telegraph lines). Also better political leadership

The Civil War

Stimulated the North’s economy

Confederate railroads

Were sparse which made it difficult to transport troops and supplies