L10_factorial_post_hoc

Post hoc analysis

Analysis conducted after an experiment to better understand the results, often involving comparisons between different groups.

Factorial ANOVA

A statistical test used to determine if there are significant differences between the means of three or more groups while considering two or more independent variables.

Main effect

The direct effect of one independent variable on the dependent variable in an ANOVA.

Interaction effect

A situation in ANOVA where the effect of one independent variable on the dependent variable differs depending on the level of another independent variable.

Tukey’s HSD (Honest Significant Difference)

A post hoc test used to find which specific means are different after a significant ANOVA result.

Null hypothesis (H0)

A statement that there is no effect or no difference, which is tested in hypothesis testing to determine if it can be rejected.

Alternating hypothesis (HA)

The hypothesis that indicates the presence of an effect or difference, often the opposite of the null hypothesis.

Inattention Score

A measure used in studies to assess the level of inattention exhibited by participants.

Degrees of freedom (df)

A parameter used in inferential statistics that describes the number of independent values that can vary in an analysis.

F-ratio

The ratio of variance estimates used in ANOVA to determine if the group means are statistically significantly different.

p-value

A probability value indicating the strength of the evidence against the null hypothesis; a value less than 0.05 is commonly considered statistically significant.

Significant interaction

An indication that the effect of one independent variable is different at different levels of another independent variable in a study.

Simple effects analysis

Test conducted to evaluate the effect of one independent variable at specific levels of another independent variable when an interaction is found significant.

Effect size (ηp²)

A measure that describes the proportion of variance in the dependent variable that is attributable to an independent variable.

Error term

The portion of an ANOVA that accounts for variance not explained by the independent variables.

ANOVA table

A summary table that shows the sources of variance, the sum of squares, degrees of freedom, mean squares, F-ratios, and associated p-values.

Control group

A group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment and is used as a benchmark to measure how the other tested groups do.

Significant main effect of age

An indication that different age groups in the study significantly differ in their measured outcomes.

Significant main effect of gender

An indication that males and females significantly differ in their measured outcomes.

Interaction plot

A graphical representation that shows the interaction between two or more independent variables in a study.