ENH 122 – Week2 Lecture

Epidemiology

The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations.

Public Health

The science of protecting and improving the health of people and their communities.

Plagiarism

The practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own.

Academic Integrity

The moral code or ethical policy of academia, which includes values such as honesty, trust, fairness, respect, and responsibility.

Epidemic

The occurrence of more cases of disease than expected in a given area or among a specific group of people over a particular period.

Pandemic

An epidemic occurring over a very wide area, affecting a large proportion of the population.

Causation

The action of causing something, often referring to factors that lead to health events or conditions.

Host

An organism that harbors a disease-causing agent.

Pathogen

A bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease.

Surveillance

The systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data on an ongoing basis.

Primary Prevention

Preventing a disease before it happens, through health promotion and education.

Secondary Prevention

Health care screening and detection activities designed to diagnose and treat diseases early.

Tertiary Prevention

Slow or block the progression of a disease to minimize negative health impacts.

Chain of Transmission

The process by which a pathogen is transmitted from an infected host to a new host.

Virology

The study of viruses and the diseases associated with them.

Biostatistics

The application of statistics to biological and health-related processes.

Germ Theory

The theory that diseases are caused by microorganisms.

Ergonomics

The study of people's efficiency in their working environment and the design of tasks to fit human abilities.

Infectious Disease

Diseases caused by pathogens that can be transmitted from one person to another.

Environmental Health

The branch of public health concerned with all aspects of the natural and built environment that may affect human health.

Genetic Epidemiology

The study of the role of genetic factors in determining health and disease in families and in populations.

Social Determinants of Health

Conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age, which affect a wide range of health risks.

Outbreak

A sudden rise in the incidence of a disease in a particular time and place.

Immunization

The process by which an individual's immune system becomes fortified against an agent.

Morbidity

The condition of being diseased or having a medical condition.

Mortality

The state of being subjected to death; death rate.