2.1 Molecules to Metabolism

organic compounds

compounds that contain carbon

important organic compounds found in living organisms

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

life on earth is described as "carbon based" because

all living molecules are made of carbon making it the keystone element for life on earth

carbon has how many valence electrons

4

what happens each time carbon shares one of its electrons

covalent bond

besides carbon these elements are common in living organisms

hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus

carbohydrates

monosaccharides or simple sugars

Lipids

gylcerol, fatty acids, and phospholegroups

Proteins (polypeptides)

amino acids

Nucleic acids

nucleotides

Metabolism

all of the enzyme-catalyzed reactions in living things

Metabolism examples

dna replication, synthesis of proteins, cell respiration/photosynthesis, and breaking down of macromolecules

Catabolism

converting large, complex molecules to smaller, simpler molecules

Anabolism

converting of small, simple molecules into larger, more complex molecules

Catabolism reactions

hydrolysis of macro-molecules into monomers and breaking of bonds

Hydrolysis

breaking down complex compounds into simpler ones by adding water

Anabolism reactions

formation of macro-molecules from monomers by condensation reactions and forming of bonds

Condensation (dehydration synthesis)

building complex compounds from simpler ones by getting rid of water