microbio unit 15E: microbial diseases of the nervous + cardiovascular systems

I: microbial diseases of the nervous system (ASEPTIC MENINGITIS, POLIOMYELITIS, RABIES, VIRAL ENCEPHALITIS)

aspetic meningitis is also called..

viral meningitis

what disease is more common + milder than bacterial meningitis?

viral meningitis/aseptic meningitis

poliomyelitis is also known as..

polio

picornavirus is only found in what species?

humansand some primates.

how is polio transmitted?

fecal/oral (ingestion)

what % of people develop symptoms for polio?

10%

what % of people develop paralysis from polio?

1%

what are the symptoms of poliomyelitis/polio?

headache

sore throat

fever

stiff neck

asymptomatic

headache, ____ ____, _____, stiff neck, and asymptomatic are symptoms of polio

headache

sore throat

fever

stiff neck

asymptomatic

what is the path of polio?

ingestion → small intestines → blood → central nervous system

what causes death in those with polio?

paralysis of respiratory muscles

how is polio diagnosed?

stool + throat testing (antigen)

is there a vaccine for polio?

yes, it is attenuated

rabies is a ______-______ virus

bullet-shaped

rabies is also called..

rhabdovirus

rabies causes what type of encephalitis?

fatal encephalitis

how is rabies transmitted?

bite/lick of infected animals

inhalation

mucosal contact

what are the symptoms of rabies?

spasms of mouth/throat muscles from air draft/liquids (hydrophobia)

brain damage

death

spasms of the _____/_____ muscles from air draft/liquids are symptoms of rabies

mouth/throat

what is the incubation time of rabies?

5-8 weeks

what are the animal reservoirs for rabies?

dogs

cats

bats

foxes

raccoons

skunks

coyotes

how is rabies diagnosed?

alive-viral antigens found in saliva, serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and dead brain tissue

is there a vaccine for rabies?

yes → animals + humans

what is the treatment for rabies?

immune globulin (artificial passive immunity)

vaccine (4 injections over 14 days)

vial encephalitis is caused by what biological arthropod vectors?

mosquitos or ticks

how is eastern equine encephalitis transmitted?

mosquito → horse

how is west nile virus transmitted?

mosquito → bird → human

how is zika virus transmitted?

infected mosquito bite

STI

blood transfusions

fetal-placental membrane

what happens when viral encephalitis crosses the fetal-placental membrane?

microencephaly → smaller head due to abnormal brain development