[L1] - INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY

Biology

Deals with structures, functions of living things, and their relationship with their environment.

Cellular Respiration

A process by which energy is released by the breakdown of food substances.

Energy

The ability of organisms to do work that allows them to move.

Metabolism

The sum of all chemical processes and energy changes happening inside the body of an organism.

Nutrition

It is the process by which organisms acquire food in order to survive, grow, and reproduce.

• Cellular Respiration

• Metabolism

• Nutrition

List the gathering and the use of energy:

Excretion

It is the process of removing waste.

• CO2

• H2O

• Mineral salts

• Nitrogenous waste products.

List what includes on metabolic waste products.

• Skin

• Lungs

• Liver

• Kdneys

• Large intestine

• Urinary bladder

What organs involve in the elimination.

Homeostasis

It is the maintenance of the body’sinternal environment.

• Excretion

• Homeostasis

List the internal balance that maintain the body.

Locomotion

It is the movement from one place to another.

Sensitivity

It is the ability of an organism to respond appropriately to a stimulus.

Tropism

The reaction of an organism to stimuli.

Evolution

• It refers to the changes in the characteristics of a group of organisms over time.

Evolutionary Adaptation

• It is a gradual or rapid change in body structure or behavior to be better suited to survive in a new environment.

Development

• It refers to the defined stages in the life cycle of a living thing from fertilization to death.

Intussusception

• A process where living things exhibit growth from within the cells.

Growth

• It is an increase in size and volume by converting food to become a part of body cells.

Accretion

• A growth by external addition of substances for nonliving things.

Reproduction

• It is a process by which genetic information is passed on from one generation to another as organisms produce offspring.

DNA

• It is used as a physical carrier of the transferred genetic information through sexualreproduction.

• Sexual Reproduction

• Asexual Reproduction

Two Types of Reproduction

• It is the union of sex cells from two parents produce a unique individual of their kind.

• Occurs when an organism makes copies of itself.

Abiogenesis

• The idea that life originates from nonliving matter.

Aristotle

• Who proposed the Abiogenesis?

Biogenesis

• The belief that life originates from preexisting life

Francesco Redi

• He concluded that life arose from living matter and not from spontaneous generation.

• Experimental setup involved rejecting spontaneous generation using maggots that arose from decaying meat.

John Needham

• He concluded that life in the broth was caused by spontaneous generation, however, he did not heat it long enough to kill all the microbe in the broth.

• His experiment tested whether or not microorganisms can appear spontaneously after boiling.

Lazzaro Spallanzani

• He concluded that air from his sealed flasks, which they believed was needed for spontaneous generation to occur.

• Uses two setup: both containers were boiled, but one setup was not sealed, allowing air to enter the flask.

• The results were not taken completely by the believers of abiogenesis.

Louis Pasteur

• His evidence suggests that new organisms arise only when they are produced by existing organisms.

• an experiment to test the idea that a vital element from air was necessary for life to occur.

• The experiment supported the theory of biogenesis and rejected spontaneous generation

Creationism

• It is believed that life forms and everything in the universe were created through a supernatural power rather than naturalistic means.

Spontaneous Origin

• Life evolved from inanimate matter.

Panspermia

• Proposes that a meteor or cosmic dust may have carried to Earth significant amounts of organic molecules, which started the evolution.

• Atoms

• Molecule

• Macromolecule

• Organelle

• Cell

Enumerate the cellular level

• Tissue

• Organ

• Organ system

• Organism

• Enumerate the organismal level

• Population

• Species

• Community

• Ecosystem

• Biosphere

Enumerate the population level