Chapter 11 Terms (Jefferson/War of 1812 Era)

Jeffersonian Democracy

Political belief in limited government, agrarianism, and more power to the common farmer; shaped early U.S. politics.

“Revolution of 1800”

Peaceful transfer of power from Federalists to Democratic-Republicans; proved the strength of the new nation.

Judiciary Act of 1801

Expanded federal judgeships for Federalists; led to conflict with Jefferson.

Marshall Court

Supreme Court under John Marshall that strengthened federal power and the judiciary.

“midnight judges”

Last-minute Federalist judges appointed by Adams; triggered Marbury v. Madison.

judicial review (Marbury v. Madison)

Established the Court’s power to declare laws unconstitutional; increased judicial authority.

McCulloch v. Maryland

Upheld the Bank of the U.S. and federal supremacy over states.

Barbary Pirates

North African states that attacked American ships; Jefferson used the navy to defend U.S. trade.

Louisiana Purchase

Jefferson bought land doubling U.S. size; gave the U.S. control of the Mississippi River.

Embargo Act

Banned U.S. trade to avoid war; hurt the U.S. economy badly.

Non-Intercourse Act

Reopened trade except with Britain and France; weaker version of the embargo.

war hawks

Young congressmen pushing for war with Britain; helped cause the War of 1812.

Tecumseh & the Prophet

Native leaders who tried to unite tribes against U.S. expansion.

Battle of Tippecanoe

Harrison defeated the Prophet; weakened Native resistance.

War of 1812

War with Britain over trade and impressment; increased nationalism and American identity.