Pols 2401 exam 1 tudy(gsu)

Globalization

The intensification of economic, political, social, and cultural relations across the world.

Global Issues

Issues that either cross political boundaries or affect large numbers of people throughout the world.

Sovereignty

The right of leaders to determine the rules, laws, and processes of civil society in their own territories.

Anarchy

In international relations, a condition where no higher authority exists above sovereign states.

Treaty of Westphalia

1648 treaty that established state sovereignty and helped create the modern international system.

Four Components of Statehood

People, Government, Territory, Sovereignty.

State (Weber)

A set of institutions that govern society and possess a monopoly on the legitimate use of force.

Nation

A group of people who share a common identity and see themselves as part of an imagined community.

Nationalism

A shared sense of identity aimed at gaining or maintaining control over a group's destiny.

Ethnic Nationalism

A form of nationalism based on shared ancestry, ethnicity, or heritage.

Civic Nationalism

A form of nationalism based on shared political values such as freedom, equality, and citizenship.

IGO (Intergovernmental Organization)

An organization composed of sovereign states that work together on international issues.

United Nations (UN)

The largest and most influential IGO(inter-governmental organization), founded in 1945 to maintain international peace and security.

NGO (Nongovernmental Organization)

Organizations that operate independently of governments to address social, political, or humanitarian issues.

MNC/TNC

Multinational or Transnational Corporations that operate in multiple countries, such as Apple, Nike, and Toyota.

World War I

1914-1918 conflict that led to the collapse of major empires and shifts in global power.

World War II

1939-1945 conflict that weakened European powers and helped establish the United States as a superpower.

League of Nations

An international organization created after WWI to promote collective security.

National Self-Determination

The right of a nation to govern itself.

Colonialism

The practice of acquiring full or partial control over another country and its people.

Imperialism

The expansion of a country's power and influence over other territories or peoples.

Decolonization

The process of ending colonial rule and gaining independence.

Holocaust

The systematic murder of approximately six million Jews and millions of others by Nazi Germany during WWII.

Atomic Bombs

Hiroshima (August 6, 1945) and Nagasaki (August 9, 1945).

Cold War

A period of political and ideological rivalry between the United States and Soviet Union from 1947-1991.

International Law

The set of rules and principles that govern relations between states.

Sources of International Law

Treaties, Customs, General Principles of Law, Judicial Decisions, Legal Scholarship.

ICJ (International Court of Justice)

The primary judicial organ of the United Nations.

ICC (International Criminal Court)

A permanent international tribunal established to prosecute genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity.

Collective Security

A system where countries cooperate to protect one another against threats.

Hard Power

The use of military force or coercion to influence others.

Soft Power

The use of culture, values, diplomacy, or economic influence to persuade others.

Functions of the State

Provide security, maintain order, protect rights, support the economy, and promote social well-being.

Four Main Purposes of the UN

Maintain peace and security, develop friendly relations, achieve cooperation, and harmonize actions among nations.

P-5 Members of the UN Security Council

United States, United Kingdom, France, Russia, China.

Antonio Guterres

Current Secretary-General of the United Nations.

Hegemony

Dominance or leadership by one state, group, or ideology over others.

World System

A global economic system divided into Core, Semi-Periphery, and Periphery countries.

Core Countries

Wealthy and industrialized countries that dominate the global economy.

Semi-Periphery Countries

Countries that fall between core and periphery in economic development.

Periphery Countries

Less developed countries that often provide labor and raw materials.

Neocolonialism

Indirect control of countries through economic, political, or cultural influence.

Settler Colonialism

A form of colonialism where settlers permanently occupy land and replace indigenous populations.

Race

A socially constructed category used to classify people based on perceived physical differences.

Racialization

The process of assigning racial meanings or characteristics to groups.

Whiteness

A social category historically associated with privilege and power.

Postcolonialism

The study of how colonialism continues to affect societies after formal colonial rule ends.

Logo Map

The traditional map of the United States that excludes many territories and possessions.

Greater United States

The United States plus territories such as Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.

Democratic Peace Theory

The theory that democracies are less likely to go to war with one another.

Constructivism

The theory that ideas, norms, identities, and beliefs shape international politics.

Politics

The process through which societies make collective decisions and distribute power.

Power

The ability to influence or control the behavior of others.

Culture

Shared beliefs, values, customs, and practices of a group.

Gender

Socially constructed roles, expectations, and identities associated with sex.

Gendering

The process by which activities, institutions, or roles become associated with particular genders.