AP BIO Unit 1.1 Functional Groups

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Last updated 12:47 AM on 8/27/26
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14 Terms

1
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Hydroxyl Structural/Molecular Formula

—OH or —HO

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Hydroxyl Properties

Polar = Hydrophilic

3
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Carbonyl Structural/Molecular Formula

>CO

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Carbonyl Properties

Position in molecules creates structural isomers

5
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Carboxyl Structural/Molecular Formula

—COOH

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Carboxyl Properties

  • Polar → Hydrophilic

  • Acid


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Amino Structural/Molecular Formula

—NH2

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Amino Properties

  • Polar → Hydrophilic

  • Basic

  • Proteins


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Sulfhydryl Structural/Molecular Formula

—SH or —HS

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Sulfhydryl Properties

Stabilize structure for proteins

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Phosphate Structural/Molecular Formula

  • Phosphate: —OPO32-

  • Phosphoric Acid: —OPO3H2


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Phosphate Properties

Transfers energy between molecules

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Methyl Structural/Molecular Formula

—CH3

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Methyl Properties

  • Nonpolar = Hydrophobic + Nonreaction

    • Serve as tags on biomolecules

  • Methylated DNA affects expression of genes