Unit 7- WWII

What was the key provision of the treaty of Versailles? Seeds of WW11?

* reparations


* Germany is no longer an empire


* Germany respects other countries’ independence


* reduced army


* didn’t reflect 14 points


* Us didn’t join LN

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What sparked instability in the post ww1 era?

* treaty of versaille


* many nations unhappy w/treaties


* Econ instability from reperations
* us not joining LN

Major challenges of the Weimar republic?

* post-war gov
* Weimar politicians blamed for German defeat
* german officials never admitting defeat
* resented for signing treaty of versailles and surrendering

Impact of the Dawes plan on Germany?

* improved econ
* brought germany into golden age

What ended Weimars golden age?

\-US stock market crash

* ripple affect

Fascism vs. Communism- key differences? Similar totalitarian aspects?

Fascism- inequality

Communism- “equality”

Fascism- Strong gov

Communism- No gov

Fascism- protects wealth and private property

Communism- no “wealth” and private property

Fascism- appeals to upper classes

Communism- appeals to lower classes

Fascism- anti-communist

Communism- anti-fascist

* in the end, they’re both dictatorships and totalitarian govs.

How did Benito Mussolini create a totalitarian state in Italy?

* Fascism
* propaganda
* appealed to nationalism
* secret police
* bribed catholic church
* took advantage of fear and anger
* control of media
* forced the prime minister to give up pwr

What impact did Stalin's Five-Year Plans and collectivization of agriculture have on the Soviet Union?

* investment in housing declined
* worker wages decreased by 43%
* worker numbers increased by millions
* millions of workers and their families all lived in horrible conditions
* widespread famine
* more equality for women :)
* gov owned all land
* those who resisted sent to labor camps or killed

What was the Holodomor? Impact and significance?

* man-made famine
* genocide against Ukraine
* 3-12 million ppl died
* farms are taken away from Ukrainian citizens

-those who refused to give up land killed

What was the Great Purge? Scope and impact?

* marked by Kirov’s assassination
* mass killings by stalin
* list of ppl assassinated
* 20 million soviet citizens killed
* when killed ppl were removed from photos and essentially everything

-second death

How did China become a victim of Japanese aggression? What was the Rape of Nanjing? (1937)

\-Rape of Nanjing

* 300,000 citizens killed
* thousands of women raped
* horrible conditions and treatment

\-attacked before even being involved in the war

Nationalist Socialist German Workers Party (Nazis)--Key ideas & goals?

* strong german nationalism
* abolishing the treaty of Versailles
* anti-semitism
* Fascism
* Anti-communist

Munich Beer Hall Putsch (1923): Significance?

\-armed uprising led by Hitler against gov

\-took advantage of people’s fear

\-failed rebellion

* wrote a book while in jail (mein kampf)

Mein Kampf: Key ideas/red flags?

* extreme german nationlism
* anti-semitism and scapegoating
* anti communism
* social darwinism

Why was the Reichstag fire (1933) a turning point in Hitler's rise to power? What other steps helped \n him consolidate his power?

\-leads to enabling act

* gives Hitler complete dictatorship!

\-blames communists

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* when the president died he got rid of the president and chancellor titles and created the “fuhrer”
* anti-semitism
* propoganda
* media
* secret police
* taking advantage of ppls fear
* german nationalism
* youth groups

What were the key policies and methods that Hitler used to build the Nazi state?

* propoganda
* promising a new Germany that appeals to nationalism and militarism
* used legal loopholes

\-enabling act
* secret police

What were the goals of Nazi propaganda? Impact?

* blame jews/hate them
* Join Nazi party

How did the Nazis go from a small fringe party to the largest political party in Germany?

* econ deppresion
* promising to fix unemployment and other problems
* fed on ppls anger w/ current gov

What were the Nuremberg Laws (1935)? Impact and significance?

* anti-semetic laws
* affected anyone considered a jew
* forced jews to wear star of david
* stripped jews of german citizenship and civil rights
* no marriages between jews and german

Kristallnacht (1938)--What happened? Why was it a turning point?

* night of shattered glass
* synagogues and businesses destroyed
* 30,000 Jewish men sent to concentration camps
* first instance of outright violence towards jews

What specific actions did Hitler take in violation of the Treaty of Versailles and how did Western \n nations respond?

\-the creation of a new airforce

* militray draft, 100,000 to 500,000

\-sent troops to rhine land

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\-warned Hitler against further violation

* got distracted by great depression

\-appeasement

Why was the Occupation of the Rhineland significant during the years leading up to WWII?

\-broke treaty of versailles

\-no one did anything

Why was Anschluss significant during the years leading up to WWII?

\-germanys union w/ Austria

\-austria was an independent country

\-broke treaty of versailles

Why was the Munich Conference (1938)--Sudetenland, appeasement, "peace in our time" significant during the years leading up to WWII?

\-high point of western appeasement of Hitler

Why was the German annexation of the rest of Czechoslovakia significant during the years leading up to WWII?

\-broke treaty of versailles

\-no one stopped them

Why was the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact significant during the years leading up to WWII?

\-hitler offered Stalin control of eastern poland and the baltic states, but expected to fight them anyways (didn’t want two front war)

\-germany and soviet union promised not to attack each other

Invasion of poland-Significance/Impact?

\-marks beginning of ww11

German blitzkrieg -Significance/Impact?

Norway, Denmark, Belgium, Netherlands, and France fall

\-looked like all of Europe would fall

Battle of Britain -Significance/Impact?

\-British victory

\-hitler shelves plan for invasion of britain

* decides to invade soviet union

German invasion of the Soviet Union -Significance/Impact?

\-German troops push deep into Soviet territory but soviet winters help stall german drive

* breaks the Nazi-Soviet non aggression pact

Japanese attack on pearl harbor -Significance/Impact?

\-pulled the US into the war

\-internment of Japanese Americans

D-Day -Significance/Impact?

\-Biggest military invasion ever

Hiroshima & Nagasaki -Significance/Impact?

\-atomic bombings

\-ended wwII

\-changed world forever

\n How did Hitler's views on "race" influence his actions in the holocaust?

\-made him target “inferior” races like jews

\-killed jews and other minorities

\-concentration camps

\-w/out these views many of these things wouldn’t have happened

What’s the history of anti-Semitism in Europe, scapegoating?

\-made it easier to target jews

\-Jews scapegoated in the past

* plague
* forced to become bankers

What was the Wannsee Conference?

\-discussed coordinating and implementing of the final solution to the “Jewish question”

\-goal to kill all European Jews

* about 9 1/2 million people
* killed 2/3 of European Jews

What was the role of the SS?

\-after defeat of Poland they rounded up Polish Jews and put them in Ghettos and tried to starve them

\-killed more than 1 million jews

\-mobile killing squads

The role of perpetrators, bystanders, and upstanders?

Perpetrators

* no one stopped them
* too many

Bystanders

* too many

Upstanders

* too few

What were the Nuremberg trials?

\- acknowledged the Nazi party was bad

\-tried Nazi officials for crimes against humanity

\-several sentenced to death

\-two were found not guilty

Impact of the Aerial bombing of London?

\-the Blitz

* 40,000 killed

\-Building severely impacted/destroyed

Impact of the Aerial bombing of Dresden?

\-135,000 killed

Impact of the Aerial bombing of Tokyo?

\-Firebombing

* 100,000 killed

Impact of the Atomic bombs?

\-200,000 died

\-radiation

What were comfort women/slave labor?

\-inhumane

\-exploited resources

\-Japanese army forces 300,000 women into brothels

* majority Korean but some from Japanese colonies