urban planning

What are some issues w that urban age

population, density of population, no space, light population

What are trouble or bad dominant on the urban

Urban growth is not rural decline

Cities as a social struggle

Having to produce the “right spaces”

What were some dominant/theoretical approaches

Chicago school of urban sociology

Feminist and queer approaches

Settler colonialism and post colonialism

Racial capitalism

What is colonialism

Exploitation of resources

Geographic separation

Historical Artifacts

Settler colonialism

There to stay

Take over most of populations and land

Separated populations

during what period was there a shift from predominantly subsistence to an economy dominated by large scale manufacturing

Industrialization or industrialization city

What are the things that came out of industrialization

Tech innovations (Transportation: bridges, roads, railways, canals and ports)

New ways of production

Politics/Economic factors

What are examples of energy production

start of coal mining and hydro: dames and water sources

Politics/Economic factors of industrialization

European Imperialism: transportation of raw materials(cotton)

Mercantilism: government polices to up exports and limit imports causing government power to go up the factories go up

What are real world examples of industrialization

1. Triangle shirtwaist fire (1911) NYC. -146 workers died. -locked in. -spiked growth in international ladies workers. -shows geographically how close workers lived

2. “Great towns” (1892) Engles. Manchester. -factories by water. - Poor air quality/living. -environment consequences. -showed how different classes lived. -how the factory workers were

what is Gemeinschft

Community, strong bonds, and common identities

What is Gesellshaft

Society, personal/formal relations, no common norms

What is a metabolic riff

a break in the natural balance between people and nature, where humans take resources (like food or soil nutrients) but don’t return them, causing environmental harm. Causing no labour in cases of metropole

Want me to also give you a short example so it’s easier to remember?

What a metropole

Home land being Colonize= the colonizers

What is Marxist

The teaching from Karl Marx showing the struggle between the working class and bourgeois

What was the Chicago’s school of urban sociology

-Highlights, different class dynamics

-limited the role of capital investors/ investments

#showed competition between ethnic groups

What were Marxist thoughts (Cedric Robertson)

-capitalism is racial capitalism always

What does capital mean

Measure of wealth/ social relations

An example of industrialization as consumption

Paris store opening department (Le Bon Marché)

What was Le Bon Marché made for

The bourgeois women in Paris to have a department store with everything that they need and not having to go outside and walk from store to store they can stay inside and not be accompanied by a man or be harassed

What were advantages of Paris department store for women

-safer

-women got to work

-no disrespect

-got to shop how they wanted

-no men

-creates a culture

-socializing.

What are some disadvantages of the Paris department store

-become targets

-more consumerism

-money came from men (may run out/limited)

-addictions to the store

What did Benjamin Walter do

-Wrote book about Le Bon Marché and the bourgeois’s

-wrote about the arcades project (tech innovations in city’s ex. Bon Marché)

-studied Le Flâneurs

-mapped the genesis of ‘modern world’

What are the Flâneurs

-men who walked around and took notes on urban spaces

-“passionate spectators”

-was found stimulating and agitating

-normalized by women

What did Napoleon lll do for Paris

-stop spread of disease

-started reconstruction of Paris

-start of growth /social control

What are parts of industrial urbanization

Exploitation, dispossession and exclusion

Examples of industrial urbanization

Ex. Rail road building in Canada

What did George Pullman do

-Created sleeping cars for luxury

-hired African-American to be Pullmans in 1880s

-1920 became the largest job site in the US for Black people

-Terrible job terrible hours 24 hour workday was only three hours sleep and away from home

-all the workers were called George later the unionized (brother hood) porter Got better everything was in 1939

What negatives came out of the railroad being built

-on indigenous land

-animals were disrupted (buffalo community)

-immigrants: from China (promised family could move), 17,000 came, 4000 died, built it record time, bad conditions

What was created by the railway

-black neighbourhoods created since the stops were when they could see their family’s

-Van(Hogans Alley), Mtl(Little Burgundy) and in Hailfax

-racial capitalism

What is suburbanization

Movement from urban area to residential areas

What were some effects of suburbanization

More automobiles, highways, population

What is Restrictive Covenant

-Contracts w places to ensure what is done is right

-Make sure subdivisions have uniformity when developing

What are some impacts of suburbanization

-Suburbs have low density, more land, less population

-Less public transit

-More energy consumption

-Distribution of wildlife/habitats

What are Suburbs

-Outer district of a city, more community zones and separated zones

What was Don Tills

-Canada 1st suburban development (Toronto)

-Financed by E.P Thomas (landowner)

-Built houses per family on their own dollar

-He paid for public services

What were some evolution of suburbs

-More diversity in the suburbs

-Rise of “ethno-burbs”: Different community’s home to different ethnic groups

-Higher rent in cities; cheaper in suburbs

-Start of Strip malls: racialised

What was Levittown

-Site of suburbanization in New York

-Started after WW2

-Mass production of suburban housing

-17 000 ranch homes between 1947-1951

What did Gan (1967) study?

-Wanted to study what Levittown was like and see the hype

-Different class groups in neighborhoods

-Families had to be seen as a unit

-Single women = bad

What are some consequences of deindustrialization

-Loss of jobs, communities, populations (28 000-7 000)

-More poverty, criminal activities, radicalization, pollution(cars, abandon buildings, waste lands)

-Closures of banks and school

What are “Post Industrial” cities

Cities where old industrial buildings are now used for other spaces

What are some toxic legacy’s in deindustrialization

Enviro injustices where communities of colour are exposed to more pollution levels and less protection and less laws

What are changes of deindustrialization in Montreal

-Tech changes

-More move to suburbs

-Shift from railway to road transport

-Older factory buildings

-Trade liberalization and foreign competition

-More oversea labor

What was the Unbearable Lightness of Cative about and who wrote itcreated it

-Author: Naomi Klein

-About export processing zones (EPZs)

-New way of international labor

-Started EPZs in Asia

What are EPZs and what came out of it

-Special factory zones where brands ask factories to make their products to focus on the brand

-If you get from A-C you needed to stop at B which was the trading zone but not the manufacturing site

-It was a new international division of labour: extraction of raw materials = manufacturing = colonialism

-Zero risk of Globalization: government support no taxes can move factories easily no strikes or unions, cheap rent, no insurance or regulations for renters.

-Making it easy to just have sweat shops for these brands and not be linked to brand

-Textiles; Nike or other big brands

What is urban renewal

Government led redevelopment of areas seemed as seemed as distressed or have bad infrastructure/housing

According to Rutherford what are three key objectives to urban renewal= modernizing projects

1. ‘Slum’ clearance

2. Construction of public housing

3. Construction of highways to improve traffic circulation

What was created to use federal funding

-national housing act or NAH created the central mortgage and housing corporation the CMHC

-Which spent 125 million on 48 Herban renewal projects in Canada from 1948 to 1968 but not doing lower income housing

What was an example of urban renewal

-Halifax development

-5000 residents were displaced not reused unless they were families

-happened to Afrcville, which was along the railroad development in Halifax

-the one with the pupils of environment racism they were treated like this because the coloured of their skin

-they were offering money for their housing

-Gov plan for a freeway but instead got a memorial and a park built

What was Africville

-A place where black people lived

-treated badly and didn’t get any government support

-Started from pullmans railway services

What was Dear Jackie about

-it was a movie to the first black baseball player to tell him about what happened to the Neighbourhood

-70% destroyed in Little Burgundy

-14000 → 7000 houses lost

-freeway built through

-Gov tried to change way of living

What is an example of an EPZ (export processing zone)

-Philippines: was a site, where people work 12-16 hour

-Harsh discipline, no talking, short term contracts, dangerous operations

-250 000 workers in textiles

What was the ‘slum clearance in Vancouver’

-Freeway plan

• connecting trans Canada to Van

• Would bulldoze immigrate cities

• Built viaducts= larger freeway

• Damaged homes and communities displaced

-Happened at Hogans Alley

• black community

• Families to move to Burnaby

What was the development of False Creek north

-High density, global branding, stadiums

What is Globalization

-countries becoming interconnected through services, info, tech and trading

-Better communication

-Cities have always been nodes (central places) for trading in larger networks

What did Massey argue about Globalization

• That all cities are global but in different ways

• Every city is shaped by own flows and connections w other places

What are the types of Globalization

-economic

-political

-cultural

What was the development of False Creek south

-mixed used, condos and co-ops, 80% city housing

What is economic globalization

-new transport and tech

-Increase in trade liberalization

-more corporations

What is political Globalization

-bigger organizations (UN,EU,NATO,CARICOM)

-“Hollowing out” other traditional counties, having issues w climate change, trade, security, needs international help

What is cultural Globalization

-the rise of technology, communication, communications, and social media

-the movement of new ideas, styles, music, film films across countries

-rise of regional religious and linguistics

What are world cities

• certain cities taking on roles in economy

• Command/control

• Elite decision markers

• Direct corporate control

• HQ power

What are global cities

• From world cities to global cities → elaborating the world city approach outsourcing other activities that would be in house not anymore

• Advanced producer services (APS)

• Indirect support/ infrastructure for corporations

What are the three things that Globalization is

1. Uneven

2. Contested

3. Incomplete

How is Globalization uneven

• no equal benefits for everyone in each country

• Some people thrive some people struggle

How is Globalization Contested

• not automatic/natural or inevitable

• Some benefit and like it, others resist and struggle, since it can cause harm to economies , cultures or jobs

How is Globalization Incomplete

• it is still happening since the world is always changing, with new tech and trade networks

• Some parts of the world are very connected, but others aren’t

What are Ordinary cities

• alternative of global cities

• Inclusive of all cities, saying that they’re all different in their own ways and have their own strength and weaknesses

• Helps us grasp a better understanding

What is Gentrification

• an unequal and upward transformation of urban space

• Wealthier class moving into poor working class neighbourhoods

• Developing in those neighbourhood neighbourhoods

• Ex. Chicago school of Study: the neighbourhood life

What does urban Informality mean

When a city does not fit what planners and government want it to

• changes overtime becomes informal

what is urban informality

-Can be chaotic and practices outside of norms

-Spontaneous

-Self organized

-Not normal

What are the types of Urban Informality

-informal economy

• informal sector

• Informal employment

-Housing/spatial

• informal settlements

• Informal slums

What does elite mean

-Creating things legal through loop-holes

What is informal economy

Broad areas and companies created through informality

• not under government

• Ex. Ghana: people move from north → south for better jobs and higher income

What is informal sector

• economy not protected by gov

• Dint follow the normal rules and regulations

• Unregistered businesses

What is informal employment

• jobs with no protection or contracts

What are informal settlements

developments by the poor (bended rules)

• rich informal settlements: housing developed by upper class residents protected by gov

What is informal slums

• low income/poverty communities

• Created outside of rules

• No services or security

• Residents could be evicted

What are elite informal housing

Wealthy groups violating laws/planning

• houses, malls, heated communities built

How to stop informal housing

• provide upgrades without evicting

• Condone to their needs

• Think of who gains and who loses when planning

What is the push cause of informality

• Land grabbing and involuntary moving

• Forced out of homes

• Destroyed

• can be caused by violent conflicts

What is the pull cause of informality

• moving voluntarily → better jobs

• Bc of Urban crisis (housing shortages, little education, lack of jobs and transport)