health care

MUSCLE SPINDLES

Located throughout skeletal muscles

Consists of a sensory nerve that is wrapped around several muscle fibers

Triggered by stretch

GOLGI TENDON ORGANS (GTO)

Located in tendons close to where they attach to muscles

• Each connects to a set of muscle fibers and is innervated by a sensory neuron

Muscle Fatigue

A muscle exercised persistently for a prolonged period may lose its ability to contract – “fatigue”

Potential causes

Decreased blood flow

Oxygen debt

Rigor Mortis

When a person has been dead 4-6 hours, the muscles will contract and remain that way 48-60 hours

Body will be rigid

Lactic Acid

Burning sensation and aches Difficulty contracting
Rapid breathing
Stomach discomfort

Muscle Cramps

• Straining a muscle

• Nerve compression

• Dehydration

• Low electrolytes

• Decreased blood flow

• Athletes, overweight, and older pts

• Lactic acid buildup

Rippling Muscle Disease

Begin late childhood into early adulthood Percussion-induced rapid contractions Percussion-induced muscle mounding Visual rippling

Hypertrophy
Gait abnormalities

Synesthesia

“Mixed-up Senses”

Hearing Loss

• several causes: Interference with • conduction of vibrations in the inner
  ear, damage to the cochlea or auditory nerve, disease, injury, or heredity

eye disorders

Cataracts-Clouding of the lens

Glaucoma-Visual loss due to clouding or scarring of the cornea, interfering with transparency

Eye Disorders-Fluid buildup in the eye that increases pressure on the retina and optic nerve; can lead to blindness if untreated

Corneal Blindness-Deterioration of the macula, impairing central vision

Macular Degeneration-Involuntary eye movements that can interfere with vision and depth perception

Nystagmus-An enzyme deficiency that causes incoming light to overstimulate the visual receptors, blurring vision and increasing sensitivity to light

Ocular Albinism-Inflammation of the conjunctiva, caused by bacterial or vial infection

Pink Eye-Inflammation of the conjunctiva, caused by bacterial or vial infection

Retinal DystrophyDozens of conditions that damage the photoreceptors, impairing vision

Huntington Disease

• Causes uncontrollable movements and cognitive impairment, loss of coordination, uncontrollable dancelike movement

Parkinson’s Disease

• shuffling gate, rigidity, poor small-motor control, blank face, difficulty speaking due to motor issues, small hand writing, depression, dementia

Addison Disease

Caused when the adrenal cortex doesn’t secrete hormones sufficiently

Prolactinoma

• Pituitary tumor Vison changes, infertility, osteoporosis,

Cushing Syndrome

Hyper secretion of cortisol caused by adrenal tumors or over secretion of ACTH by the anterior pituitary gland

Gigantism

Pituitary tumor causes increased growth hormone

Diabetes Mellitus

Arises from a lack of insulin or ability of cells to respond to insulin