Parasitology Exam 1 LMU CVM

Parasitism

____________ is a kind of symbiosis

Host

Parasites live at the measurable expense of the ____________

Biologic

Parasites have the ability to alter their ____________ functions to enhance the odds for survival and reproduction

Obligatory

____________ is a type of parasite that cannot complete its lifecycle without spending part or all of its time on or within a host

Facultative, opportunistically

____________ is a type of parasite that is not normally parasitic, but become so when eaten or ____________ enter a host through and orifice or wound

Endoparasite

____________ are organisms living within a host environment

Ectoparasite

____________ are organisms living on host

Abberant parasite

____________ are organisms found in locations where they do not normally occur

Accidental or incidental host

____________ is when parasitic organisms that enter or attach to host species that are different from the ones with which they are normally associated

Pseudoparasite

____________ a diagnostic parasite stage or artifacts that superficially resemble protozoan cysts or helminth eggs in the feces, blood or urine of an examined animal

Hyperparasite

____________ is when a parasitic organism is host to another parasite species

Definitive

____________ host is where a parasite attains reproductive maturity

Intermediate

____________ host is in which a larval or intermediate stage parasite must undergo development to become infective for the final host

Paratenic

____________ host is a facultative host used by a larval or intermediate stage parasite to facilitate transmission to the definitive or final host

Paratenic

Parasites that infect a ____________ host DO NOT undergo any development

Intermediate

Parasites that infect a ____________ host DOES undergo development

Reservoir

____________ hosts maintain a parasite in the population at sufficient levels to facilitate its transmission between susceptible hosts

Reservoir

____________ hosts is an emphasis on population rather than individual

Vectors

____________ are organisms that facilitate transmission of infective parasite stages between different individuals of a host population

Obligate

Biological vectors assume the existence of an ____________ relationship for successful transmission

Mechanical

____________ vectors DO NOT have an obligate role

Direct

A ____________ lifestyle is when parasites infect the host directly

Indirect obligate

A ____________ ____________ lifestyle requires an intervention of an intermediate host

Indirect facultative

A ____________ ____________ lifestyle has an optional intervention of an intermediate or paramedic host

Horizontal

____________ is a type of transmission that parasites colonize susceptible individuals by usual routes

Vertical

____________ is a type of transmission of parasites from mother to offspring by transplacental or lactogenic routes

High, monospecific

____________ specificity or (____________) is a limited number of hosts capable of completing lifecycle

Low, heterospecific

____________ specificity or (____________) has a wide variety of species capable of hosting parasite and is typical of intermediate and paratenic hosts

Endemic, Enzootic

____________ (____________) is the normal or usual distribution of parasites in a host population or geographic area

Epidemic (Epizootic)

____________ (____________) is an excess number of parasite cases, far exceeding the normal or usual distribution in a host population

Prevalence

____________ is the occurrence of a parasite in a population defined by time and space

Incidence

____________ is the rate at which new cases are added to a host population defined by time and space

Ancylostoma caninum

Hookworms

____________ are voracious blood suckers

Hookworms

____________ are small, stout worms ranging from 10 to 16 mm

Hookworms

Generally occupy small intestine of vertebrate hosts

Ancylostoma caninum

Canine hookworm

Ancylostoma caninum

3 pairs or large teeth in a large buccal capsule and males with copulatory bursa and are small worms

Direct Life Cycle

What type of life cycle does ancylostoma canine have?

Direct ingestion of infective larvae and arrested larvae passed by lactogenic route

What are the two modes of oral transmission of the ancylostoma caninum?

8 days

How many days before clinical signs of anemia post-infection in puppies with ancylostoma caninum?

L3 stage

Sources of infective larvae is at the ____________ stage.

Attachment scars

Adult hookworms can cause ____________ ____________ on the small intestine of a canine

Peracute

____________ disease is seen in neonatal puppies with hookworms and has diarrhea with black tarry stools and pale mucous membranes

Acute

____________ disease is seen in exposure of older puppies and adults to large numbers of infective larvae with hookworms

Chronic compensated

____________ ____________ disease is presence of infection without overt clinical signs

Secondary decompensated

____________ ____________ disease is in older dogs with other primary health issues and is in malnourished or emaciated animals and hookworms is the secondary causative effect

Ancylostoma caninum

These eggs on a fecal examination are normally 60 * 40 um and is thin shelled and in morula stage

Pyrantel

____________ is drug of choice with canine hookworms

Fenbendzole or ivermectin

These two types of drugs can be used for prevention of perinatal infection of the canine hookworms

Ancylostoma tubaforme

The scientific name for the feline hookworm

Ancylostoma braziliense

The scientific name for the hookworms that are endemic to the subtropical world wide and the southern US and has buccal capsule with 2 teeth

Uncinaria stenocephala

Uncinaria stenocephala

The scientific name of the hookworm that is primarily endemic to temperate climates

Uncinaria stenocephala, acylostoma caninum

Egg on the left is ____________ and the egg on the right is ____________

Uncinaria stenocephala

This fecal egg is 70-90 * 40-50 um, has a 68 degrees F optimal and able to develop in cooler climates and has no vertical transmission in cats/dogs

Roundworms

Toxocara canis

What is the scientific name for canine roundworm?

Roundworms

These types of worms are large stout and up to 60 cm in length

Roundworms

These type of worms in the canine has a mouth with 3 lips rather than large (open) buccal capsule

Mechanical, pneumonia

Roundworm can cause ____________ damage from migration through the alveoli leading to ____________

Roundworms

These type of worms cause irritation in gut as worms mature resulting in malaise (ADR), Vomiting, anorexia and diarrhea

Toxocara canis

A clinical presentation of this worm in dogs is a pt bellied appearance, hair coats with dried vomit and diarrhea, poor BCS, emaciated, dull hair coat

Pyrantel

This is the drug of choice for Toxocara canis

Toxocara cati

The feline roundworm scientific name is ____________

Toxocara cati

What roundworm is this in scientific name?

Toxocara canis

What roundworm is this in scientific name?

Facultative indirect

____________ ____________ lifecycle is when adult cats typically are infected by consumption of paratenic host (predatory behavior)

Toxocara cati

This type of worm in scientific name has NO in utero infection!

Toxocara cati

What type of worm in scientific name is presented?

Toxocara cati

What type of worm in scientific name is presented?

Toxascaris leonia

what type of worm in scientific name is this?

Toxascaris leonia, Baylisascaris procyonis

These types of roundworm does NOT have any tracheal, utero or lactogenic transmission

Toxascaris leonia

These type of roundworms are 85 to 90 um and are often in state of division at room temperature and has a light, translucent single cell embryo

Baylisascaris procyonis

What type of worm in scientific name is presented?

Baylisascaris procyonis

What is the scientific name of the raccoon roundworm?

Baylisascaris procyonis

These eggs on a fecal examination are sub spherical to round to slightly oval, thick albuminous shell, finely pitted surface, golden brown and a dark single embryo and range from 63 to 88 um by 50 to 70 um

Baylisascaris procyonis

What is the scientific name of this worm eggs?

Trichuris vulpis

What is the scientific name for canine whip worm?

Trichuris vulpis

These are small worms with whip like anterior ends and are ~30-5o mm

Trichuris vulpis

This type of worm has a tiny buccal capsule with a long esophagus that is approximately 2/3 of the body length

Intestinal lining, large intestine

The trichuris vulpis larvae hatch and develop beneath the ____________ ____________ and migrates to the ____________ ____________

Bowel, cecum

Trichuris vulpis adults are found in the lower ____________ and ____________ approximately 3 months

Trichuris vulpis

These only have infection by ingestion of larvated eggs

Trichuris vulpis

This type of worm causes dyslexia, weakness and weight loss. Intermittent vomiting and diarrhea as well as flecks of red blood in the diarrhea in severe infections

Trichuris vulpis, sodium/potassium, Psuedo-Addisons

This type of worm (____________) causes electrolyte imbalances with a decreased ____________ ____________ ratio and can cause ____________ disease

Trichuris vulpis

What is the scientific name of these eggs found on this fecal float?

Trichuris vulpis

What is the scientific name of these eggs found on this fecal float?

Strongyloides stercoarlis

This type of worm is a causative agent of severe diarrhea and respiratory complaint in neonatal puppies

Strongyloides stercoralis

The phenomena of arrested larval development in the nursing female as a source of infection for neonatal puppies is associated with which type of worm in scientific name?

Strongyloides stercoralis

What is the scientific name of the intestinal threadworm for dogs?

Females, parthenogenesis, homogonic

With strongyloides stercoarlis, only the ____________ are parasitic and the term for this is ____________ and is a ____________ type of life cycle

Heterogonic

With strongyloides stercoralis, a ____________ lifecycle involves free-living males and female worms

Strongyloides stercoarlis

____________ is associated with the clinical disease of watery diarrhea, dehydration, death or verminous pneumonia in puppies

Strongyloides stercoarlis, L1 stage

What type of worm is this and what stage is it currently in?

Strongyloides stercoarlis, larvated eggs

What type of egg is found on this fecal float that is ~50 * 35 um?

Strongyloides stercoarlis

With ____________, nothing is effective for tissue stages, but can try to ouse IVM or FBZ to prevent and treat as an extra label

Strongyloides stercoralis

A 12 weeks old aussie presented with a cough of 3 days, vaccines current, purchased from a breeder is BAR, and temp and pulse were normal as well as BCS. You hear broncho-vesicular sounds on auscultation and the fecal exam was negative. You treat with FBZ SID for 3 days. Your patient returns a week later and cough is improved but not resolved. Your patient now has diarrhea and returns to the clinic 7 days later, 14 days from initial and feces contained blood and mucus and cough was much worse. What does your patient most likely have?

Stomach dwelling worms

____________ are causative agent of recurrent gastritis and gastric bleeding in dogs and cats (common name)

Ollulanus tricuspis

What is the scientific name of the feline stomach worm?