GSCE Forces

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COMPLETED Cognito Notes

Last updated 6:42 PM on 1/6/23
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85 Terms

1
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What is a force?
A push or pull that acts upon an object as a result of that object’s interactions with its surroundings
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What is force measured?
Newtons
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Is force vector or scalar?
Vector
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Why is Force a vector quantity?
It has both magnitude and direction
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What is contact force?
When objects are physically touching
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What is non-contact force?
When objects aren’t physically touching
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What are contact forces?
Tension, Friction and Reaction Force
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What are non-contact forces?
Electrostatic, Magnetic and Gravatitional Forces
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What happens when non-contact force move away from objects?
Decrease as the object gets further apart
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What is normal contact force?
Two objects exerting equal and opposite forces
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Why is air resistance a contact force?
There is physical contact between an object and the particles in the air.
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What are scalar quantities?
They have magnitude only.
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What are vector quantities?
They have magnitude and direction.
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What are examples of scalar quantites?
Speed, Temperature, Mass and Distance
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What are examples of vector quantities?
Velocity, Displacement, Acceleration, Force and Momentum
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What are Free body Diagrams?
They use arrows to show all of the forces acting on an object.
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What does the length of the arrow indicate?
The magnitude.
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What does the direction of the arrow indicate?
The direction.
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What is the resultant force?
The overall of force on an object.
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What happens when forces are balanced?
The object is in equilibrium.
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What is deformation?
A change in the shape of an object as a result of forces being applied to it.
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What is Elastic Deformation?
When an object does return to its original shape after the forces have been removed.
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What is Inelastic Deformation?
When an object does not return to its original shape after the forces have been removed.
24
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What is extension?
The increase in length of a spring when its stretched or decrease in length when the spring is compressed.
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What is spring constant?
How many newtons of force it would require to stretch the object by 1 metre.
26
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What unit is spring constant?
N/m
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What makes object stiff?
It has a higher spring constant
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What is Hooke’s Law?
F=Ke
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What is the elastic limit?
The point at which an object being stretched starts deforms, when Hooke’s Laws stop.
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What is a moment?
A moment is the rotational or turning effect of a force.
31
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What is the equation for moments?
M=fd
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Why is a seesaw balanced?
The total clockwise moment is equal to the total anti-clockwise moment.
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How do levers work?
They transmit the turning effect of a force by using the principle of moments.
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How do gears move?
They turn in opposite directions.
35
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The ratio of the turning effect of the two gears is proportional to the ratio of the radius of the two gears.
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What exerts pressure?
Gases, solid and fluids.
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What are fluids?
Gases or liquids.
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How do fluid exerts pressure
Particles collide with the container exerting a force-pressure
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What is the equation for pressure?
P=F/A
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What factors determine pressure exerted by a liquid?
Depth, Density and Gravitational Field Strength
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How does Depth affect pressure?
The more depth, the more pressure is exerted
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How does density affect pressure?
More dense liquids exert greater pressure.
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What is Gravitational Field Strength?
9\.8 N/m
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What is the formula for pressure in a liquid?
P=hpg
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What is upthrust?
The pressure on the bottom of the object being greater than the prssure on the top of the object.
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What happens to objects denser than the liquid?
They will sink.
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What is Atmospheric Pressure?
The total force of all the air particles constantly colliding with everything.
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Why is atmospheric pressure greater underwater?
More gas particles to collide with object and air is more dense.
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What is the equation for velocity?
V=s/t
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What is acceleration?
The rate of change in velocity.
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What is the formula for acceleration?
a= change in v / t
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What another the formula for acceleration?
2as= v squared-u squared
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What is the y-axis on a distance/time graph?
Distance
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What is the x-axis on a distance/time graph?
Time
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What is a flat line mean on a distance/time graph?
Stationary Object.
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What is the x-axis on a velocity/time graph?
Time
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What is the y-axis on a distance/time graph?
Velocity
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What is a flat line mean on a velocity/time graph?
Constant Speed
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What is the gradient of a velocity/time graph?
The acceleration or deceleration of an object.
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What is terminal velocity?
When an object is falling with constant velocity.
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What causes an object to fall?
Weight
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What affects the size of air resistance?
Moving objects colliding with particles in air.
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What is Newtons first law?
A resultant force is required to change the motion of an object.
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What happens when object has no resultant force?
It will continue moving at the same velocity.
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What is Newtons second law?
An object’s acceleration is directly proportional to the force applied to it, and inversely proportional to its mass.
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What is Newtons Second Law Formula?
F=ma
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What is Newtons Third Law?
The forces that two objects exert on each other when they interact are equal and opposite.
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What is stopping distance?
The total distance a car travels from when the driver notices the obstruction to when it stops.
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What is the formula for Momentum?
P=mv
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What is conservation of mass?
The total momentum before a collision is equal to the total momentum after the collision.
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What is a formula for change in momentum?
F= change in pressure/ time
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What is a formula for change in momentum, involving velcoity?
F= final velocity- inital velocity / times
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Why are safety features used in cars?
To slow the rate at which momentum is lost.
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What are safety features in cars to slow loss of momentum?
Airbags and Crumple Zones
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What is velocity?
Displacement over time.
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What is inertia?
An object's mass is also a measure of how difficult it is to change the object's motion.
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What is the centre of mass?
The point at which all mass appears to be.
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When will an object topple?
When it’s centre of mass is outside it’s base.
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What is the first step of Hooke’s Laws practical?
Measure the original length of the spring..
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What is the second step of Hooke’s Laws practical?
Hang different masses on the spring and measure the length of the spring in each case.
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What is the third step of Hooke’s Laws practical?
Adding masses to the spring increases the downwards force as each mass has weight.
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What is the fourth step of Hooke’s Laws practical?
The extension of the spring equals the length with masses minus the original length
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What is the fifth step of Hooke’s Laws practical?
Plot a graph with the extension of the spring on the x-axis and force on the y-axis.
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What is Centre of Mass?
The single point through which the weight of the object can be said to act.
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What is Inertial Mass?
Inertial Mass: A measure of how hard it is to change an object’s velocity. It is defined as the ratio of force over acceleration.