3.3 Population Genetics and Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

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Last updated 3:42 PM on 9/7/26
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8 Terms

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Population Genetics

  • The study of the genetic composition of populations

  • How and why allele frequencies change over time within and between populations


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What approaches are used for population genetics?

  • Disease association studies; pharmacogenetics

  • Forensics; ancestry analysis

  • Conservation biology

  • Evolution/biological anthropology


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Population

a group of interbreeding individuals that share a gene pool

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Gene pool

set of all genes (alleles) in a population

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HWE assumes

  • No selection (each allele has equal “fitness”)

  • Random mating

  • No migration in or out of the population

  • No mutation (no new alleles)

  • Large population size

  • Organisms are diploids


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Evolution

changes in allele frequency of a population over (generational) time

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If the assumptions of HWE are met…

allele frequencies don’t change over time

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When allele frequencies are changing over time (generational)…

then evolution is happening