Module 2 MOB

Who is the founder of Scientific Management?

Frederick Taylor.

What is the main focus of Scientific Management?

Increasing productivity through efficiency and standardization.

Who is the founder of Scientific Management?

Frederick Taylor.

What is the main focus of Scientific Management?

Increasing productivity through efficiency and standardization.

Name one method used by Taylor in Scientific Management

Time and motion studies.

Who developed the 14 Principles of Management?

Henri Fayol.

List three of Fayol’s 14 Principles of Management.

Division of Work, Unity of Command, Scalar Chain.

What are Fayol’s 5 key functions of management?

Planning, Organizing, Commanding, Coordinating, Controlling

Who developed the Bureaucratic Management theory?

Max Weber.

What are two key features of Weber’s Bureaucracy?

Formal rules and hierarchy.

What was the main finding of the Hawthorne Studies?

Workers are more productive when they feel valued and observed.

Which theorist is associated with the Human Relations Movement?

Elton Mayo.

What does McGregor’s Theory X assume about workers?

That they dislike work and need close supervision.

What does McGregor’s Theory Y believe about workers?

That they are self-motivated and enjoy responsibility.

What are the five levels in Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?

Physiological, Safety, social needs, Esteem, Self-Actualization.

According to Maslow, can you move to a higher need before satisfying a lower one?

No, lower-level needs must be satisfied firs

Who developed the Two-Factor Theory?

Frederick Herzberg.

What are Herzberg’s two factors?

Hygiene Factors (prevent dissatisfaction) and Motivators (create satisfaction).

Give examples of Herzberg’s hygiene factors.

Salary, job security, company policies, work conditions.

Give examples of Herzberg’s motivators.

Achievement, recognition, responsibility, personal growth.

What does McClelland’s Theory of Needs propose?

Motivation is based on three needs: Achievement, Affiliation, and Power.

What type of job suits someone high in ‘Need for Achievement’?

Goal-oriented, challenging tasks with clear feedback.

What does Theory X assume about employees?

They dislike work, avoid responsibility, and need close supervision.

What does Theory Y assume about employees?

They are self-motivated, enjoy work, and seek responsibility.

What is leadership?

The ability to influence and guide individuals or groups to achieve goals.

What are the main types of leadership styles?

Autocratic, Democratic, Laissez-Faire.

What is an autocratic leadership style?

A style where the leader makes decisions without input from others and expects obedience.

What are the pros of autocratic leadership?

Quick decision-making, clear direction.

What are the cons of autocratic leadership?

Low employee morale, lack of creativity, high turnover

What is a democratic leadership style?

A style where the leader encourages participation and values team input.

What are the pros of democratic leadership?

Higher motivation, better decision quality, team commitment.

What are the cons of democratic leadership?

Slower decision-making, possible conflict.

What is laissez-faire leadership?

A hands-off approach where team members have freedom to make decisions.

What are the pros of laissez-faire leadership?

Encourages innovation and independence.

What are the cons of laissez-faire leadership?

Can lead to confusion, lack of direction, low accountability.

What is organizational structure?

The system used to define a hierarchy within an organization, showing roles, responsibilities, and relationships.

What is a functional structure?

A structure where the company is divided into departments based on function (e.g., marketing, HR, finance).

What are advantages of a functional structure?

Specialization, operational efficiency, clear responsibilities.

What is a disadvantage of a functional structure?

Poor communication between departments and limited flexibility.

What is a divisional structure?

Structure based on products, services, or geographical areas.

What are advantages of a divisional structure?

Focus on specific products or markets, flexibility, accountability.

What is a matrix structure?

Combines functional and divisional structures, with dual lines of authority (e.g., a project manager and a department head).

What are advantages of a matrix structure?

Collaboration across departments, resource sharing.

What are the challenges of a matrix structure?

Confusion from dual reporting, power struggles, complexity.

What is span of control?

The number of employees a manager directly supervises

What is the difference between tall and flat structures?

Tall structures have many levels of management; flat structures have fewer levels and wider spans of control.