Russian Revolutions

Who wrote the Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital? :

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

What were the core beliefs of Marxism? :

Class struggle, exploitation of workers, inevitable revolution

In which countries did Marx and Engels expect a revolution? :

England or Germany (not Russia)

What event inspired Marxism/Communism? :

The Industrial Revolution

What was the slogan of Marxism? :

"Workers of the world unite and overthrow the owners of production"

What were the long-term causes of the 1917 Russian Revolution? :

1905 Revolution failure, weak Duma, peasant poverty, ineffective Tsar, nobility out of touch

What were the short-term causes of the 1917 Russian Revolution? :

WWI losses, food shortages, Rasputin, February 1917 protests

Why was the 1905 Revolution significant? :

Created the Duma, though Tsar ignored it

What happened in the February 1917 Revolution? :

Army refused to fire on protestors, Tsar abdicated

Who led the Provisional Government in 1917? :

Alexander Kerensky (Moderate Socialist)

What were the debates in the Provisional Government? :

Monarchy, republic, or communist state; fate of the Tsar

What were Lenin's April Theses? :

"Peace, Land, Bread" and "All Power to the Soviets"

What was the Kornilov Affair? :

Failed military coup put down with Bolshevik help

Why did Germany help Lenin return to Russia? :

To destabilize Russia and end WWI

What treaty ended Russia's WWI involvement? :

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Who fought in the Russian Civil War (1917-1921)? :

Bolsheviks (Reds) vs Mensheviks/Whites

Why did the Bolsheviks win the Civil War? :

Unity, Lenin/Trotsky leadership, control of key areas, divided Whites

Who supported the Whites in the Civil War? :

Western Allies (The United Kingdom (British Empire)

France

Russia (until its withdrawal in 1917)

Italy (joined in 1915)

The United States (joined in 1917)

Japan (joined early in the war as part of the Allies)

What was War Communism? :

Lenin's system of state control during Civil War

Who were the Kulaks? :

Wealthier farmers under limited capitalism (post-War Communism)