Erickson's Psychosocial Stages

Trust vs. Mistrust

Infant (0–1 yr): Learns to trust caregivers when needs (food, comfort, safety) are consistently met; mistrust develops with inconsistent care.

Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt

Toddler (1–3 yrs): Focus on independence in mobility, feeding, toileting; success builds autonomy, harsh criticism or overcontrol leads to doubt and shame.

Initiative vs. Guilt

Preschool (3–6 yrs): Explores environment, initiates play and activities, asks “why”; overcontrol or discouragement can lead to guilt.

Industry vs. Inferiority

School-age (6–12 yrs): Mastery of skills, schoolwork, teamwork with peers; success builds competence, repeated failure or lack of support leads to inferiority.

Identity vs. Role Confusion

Adolescent (12–18 yrs): Developing self-identity, independence, peer relationships, and future goals; lack of support or conflicting roles may lead to confusion.

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Young Adult (18–40 yrs): Forming close relationships, commitment, family building; failure leads to loneliness or isolation.

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Middle Adult (40–65 yrs): Focus on contributing to society, parenting, career success; lack of productivity may cause stagnation or self-absorption.

Integrity vs. Despair

Older Adult (65+ yrs): Reflects on life, acceptance of accomplishments and mortality; satisfaction brings integrity, regret brings despair.