ANTIBIOTICS

Amoxicillin

Amoxil, Trimox, Moxatag — Beta-lactam: Penicillin antibiotic

Amoxicillin PO/Function/Common Use

PO — Inhibits bacteria cell wall synthesis — Bacterial infections

Amoxicillin Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

Anaphylaxis (allergy) to beta-lactam — Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting — No special considerations

Amoxicillin-Clavulanate

Augmentin — Beta-lactam: Penicillin antibiotic

Amoxicillin-Clavulanate PO/Function/Common Use

PO — Inhibits bacteria cell wall synthesis — Bacterial infections

Amoxicillin-Clavulanate Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

Anaphylaxis (allergy) to beta-lactam — Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting — No special considerations

Penicillin V Potassium

Veetids, Pen VK — Beta-lactam: Penicillin antibiotic

Penicillin V Potassium PO/Function/Common Use

PO — Inhibits bacteria cell wall synthesis — Bacterial infections

Penicillin V Potassium Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

Anaphylaxis (allergy) to beta-lactam — Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting — No special considerations

Cephalexin

Keflex — Beta-lactam: Cephalosporin antibiotic (1st generation)

Cephalexin PO/Function/Common Use

PO — Inhibits bacteria cell wall synthesis — Bacterial infections

Cephalexin Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

Anaphylaxis (allergy) to beta-lactam — Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting — No special considerations

Cefuroxime axetil

Ceftin — Beta-lactam: Cephalosporin antibiotic (2nd generation)

Cefuroxime axetil PO/Function/Common Use

PO — Inhibits bacteria cell wall synthesis — Bacterial infections

Cefuroxime axetil Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

Anaphylaxis (allergy) to beta-lactam — Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting — No special considerations

Cefdinir

Omnicef — Beta-lactam: Cephalosporin antibiotic (3rd generation)

Cefdinir PO/Function/Common Use

PO — Inhibits bacteria cell wall synthesis — Bacterial infections

Cefdinir Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

Anaphylaxis (allergy) to beta-lactam — Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting — No special considerations

Ciprofloxacin

Cipro — Fluoroquinolone antibiotic

Ciprofloxacin PO/Function/Common Use

PO, IV — Disrupts bacteria DNA transcription — Bacterial infections

Ciprofloxacin Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

QTc prolongation, tendon rupture, confusion, hallucination, neuropathy — Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, sun sensitivity (phototoxicity) — Avoid taking with calcium or magnesium at the same time; separate by 2 hours

Levofloxacin

Levaquin — Fluoroquinolone antibiotic

Levofloxacin PO/Function/Common Use

PO, IV — Disrupts bacteria DNA transcription — Bacterial infections

Levofloxacin Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

QTc prolongation, tendon rupture, confusion, hallucination, neuropathy — Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, sun sensitivity (phototoxicity) — Avoid taking with calcium or magnesium at the same time; separate by 2 hours

Moxifloxacin

Avelox — Fluoroquinolone antibiotic

Moxifloxacin PO/Function/Common Use

PO, IV — Disrupts bacteria DNA transcription — Bacterial infections

Moxifloxacin Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

QTc prolongation, tendon rupture, confusion, hallucination, neuropathy — Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, sun sensitivity (phototoxicity) — Avoid taking with calcium or magnesium at the same time; separate by 2 hours

Ofloxacin

Ocuflox, Floxin — Fluoroquinolone antibiotic

Ofloxacin PO/Function/Common Use

PO — Disrupts bacteria DNA transcription — Bacterial infections

Ofloxacin Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

QTc prolongation, tendon rupture, confusion, hallucination, neuropathy — Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, sun sensitivity (phototoxicity) — Avoid taking with calcium or magnesium at the same time; separate by 2 hours

Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim

Bactrim, Septra, Sulfatrim — Combination sulfonamide + folic acid inhibitor (antibiotic)

Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim PO/Function/Common Use

PO, IV — Disrupts bacteria DNA replication — Bacterial infections

Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

Anaphylaxis (allergy) to sulfur — Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, sun sensitivity (phototoxicity) — No special considerations

Clindamycin

Cleocin — Lincosamide antibiotic

Clindamycin PO/Function/Common Use

PO, IV — Disrupts bacteria protein synthesis — Bacterial infections

Clindamycin Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

— Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting — No special considerations

Azithromycin

Zithromax, Zmax, Z-Pak, Tri-Pak — Macrolide antibiotic

Azithromycin PO/Function/Common Use

PO, IV — Disrupts bacteria protein synthesis — Bacterial infections

Azithromycin Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

Anaphylaxis (allergy) to macrolide; QTc prolongation — Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, liver toxicity — No special considerations

Clarithromycin

Biaxin — Macrolide antibiotic

Clarithromycin PO/Function/Common Use

PO — Disrupts bacteria protein synthesis — Bacterial infections

Clarithromycin Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

Anaphylaxis (allergy) to macrolide; QTc prolongation — Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, liver toxicity — No special considerations

Erythromycin

Erythrocin, Ery-Tab — Macrolide antibiotic

Erythromycin PO/Function/Common Use

PO — Disrupts bacteria protein synthesis — Bacterial infections

Erythromycin Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

Anaphylaxis (allergy) to macrolide; QTc prolongation — Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, liver toxicity — No special considerations

Fidaxomicin

Dificid — Macrolide antibiotic

Fidaxomicin PO/Function/Common Use

PO — Disrupts bacteria protein synthesis — Bacterial infections

Fidaxomicin Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

Anaphylaxis (allergy) to macrolide; QTc prolongation — Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, liver toxicity — No special considerations

Rifaximin

Xifaxan — Rifamycin antibiotic

Rifaximin PO/Function/Common Use

PO — Disrupts bacteria protein synthesis — Bacterial infections

Rifaximin Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

— Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, liver toxicity — No special considerations

Doxycycline

Vibramycin, Monodox, Doryx, Oracea — Tetracycline antibiotic

Doxycycline PO/Function/Common Use

PO, IV — Disrupts bacteria protein synthesis — Bacterial infections

Doxycycline Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

Esophageal ulcers; increased intracranial pressure (risk of stroke) — Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, sun sensitivity (phototoxicity); teeth discoloration in children — Avoid taking with calcium or magnesium at the same time; separate by 2 hours; avoid in children <13 years old

Minocycline

Minocin, Solodyn — Tetracycline antibiotic

Minocycline PO/Function/Common Use

PO, IV — Disrupts bacteria protein synthesis — Bacterial infections

Minocycline Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

Esophageal ulcers; increased intracranial pressure (risk of stroke) — Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, sun sensitivity (phototoxicity); teeth discoloration in children — Avoid taking with calcium or magnesium at the same time; separate by 2 hours; avoid in children <13 years old

Metronidazole

Flagyl, Metrocream, Metrogel — Miscellaneous antibiotic

Metronidazole PO/Function/Common Use

PO, IV — Damages bacteria DNA — Bacterial infections

Metronidazole Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

Risk of cancer in animals — Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, metallic taste, peripheral neuropathy — Avoid alcohol within 7 days

Nitrofurantoin

Macrobid, Macrodantin, Furadantin — Miscellaneous antibiotic

Nitrofurantoin PO/Function/Common Use

PO — Damages bacteria DNA, RNA, and proteins — Bacterial infections

Nitrofurantoin Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

Lung toxicity (pulmonary fibrosis) — Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, urine discoloration — Macrobid is twice daily; Macrodantin is 4 times daily

Mupirocin

Bactroban, Centany — Topical antibiotic

Mupirocin PO/Function/Common Use

SKIN DERM — Disrupts bacteria protein synthesis — Bacterial infections

Mupirocin Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

— Burning, stinging, itching, and pain at site of application — No special considerations

Chlorhexidine gluconate

Peridex, Paroex, Periogard — Antiseptic

Chlorhexidine gluconate PO/Function/Common Use

Oral cavity — Disrupts bacteria cell membrane — Bacterial infections

Chlorhexidine gluconate Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

— Burning, stinging, itching; taste disturbances — Swish and swallow

Neomycin-polymyxin B-hydrocortisone

Cortisporin, Cortomycin — Combination antibiotic + corticosteroid

Neomycin-polymyxin B-hydrocortisone PO/Function/Common Use

DERM — Disrupts bacteria protein synthesis and provides anti-inflammatory effects — Bacterial infections

Neomycin-polymyxin B-hydrocortisone Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

— Burning, stinging, itching, and pain at site of application — No special considerations

Ciprofloxacin-dexamethasone

Ciprodex — Combination fluoroquinolone antibiotic + corticosteroid

Ciprofloxacin-dexamethasone PO/Function/Common Use

OTIC, OPHTH — Disrupts bacteria DNA transcription and provides anti-inflammatory effects — Bacterial infections

Ciprofloxacin-dexamethasone Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

— Burning, stinging, itching, and pain at site of application — No special considerations

Ofloxacin

Ocuflox — Fluoroquinolone antibiotic

Ofloxacin PO/Function/Common Use

OTIC, OPHTH — Disrupts bacteria DNA transcription — Bacterial infections

Ofloxacin Adverse Drug Reactions/Special Considerations

— Burning, stinging, itching, and pain at site of application — No special considerations