Windows Server Introduction & Tools and Principles

1. Windows Server 2016 Essentials Edition

2. Windows Server 2016 Standard Edition

3. Windows Server 2016 Datacenter Edition

List the three Windows Server 2016 platforms

1. Windows Server 2016 Multipoint Premium Server

2. Windows Storage Server 2016

3. Windows Hyper-V Server 2016

List the additional Windows Server 2016 platforms targeted for specific-purpose niches:

Windows Server 2016 Essentials Edition

A Windows Server 2016 platform that supports:

- a maximum of 25 users,

- up to 64 GB RAM, and

- 2 CPU sockets

Windows Server 2016 Essentials Edition

It does not support Hyper-V, joining a domain, hosting virtual machines, or providing cloud services.

Windows Server 2016 Standard Edition

A Windows Server 2016 platform that provides:

- file and print services,

- secure internet connectivity,

- centralized management of users and applications, and

- includes Hyper-V for virtualization.

Windows Server 2016 Standard Edition

Which Windows Server 2016 platform supports up to 4 TB of RAM, 64 CPU sockets, and up to 2 Hyper-V containers. It also supports clusters of up to 16 computers.

Clustering

The ability to link two or more computer systems to increase access to server resources and provide fail-safe service. In Windows Server 2016, clustering allows multiple computers to function as one.

Clustering

Windows Server 2016 Datacenter Edition

A Windows Server 2016 platform designed for environments with:

- mission-critical applications,

- large databases,

- virtualization requirements,

- cloud computing needs, and

- high availability information access.

Windows Server 2016 Datacenter Edition

Which Windows Server 2016 platform supports clustering up to 64 computers, up to 4 TB RAM, 64 CPU sockets, and unlimited Hyper-V containers.

Multipoint services

Enable many users to share the same physical computer through each person connecting a keyboard, monitor, and mouse to a USB hub that is connected to a server

Multipoint Services

This role is included as a regular server role in Standard and Datacenter

Editions.

Windows Server 2016 Multipoint Premium Server

Offered to educational customers as a way to provide volume licensing.

Windows Storage Server 2016

It turns a server into a central storage center for data and takes advantage of storage utilities offered in Windows Server 2016.

Windows Storage Server 2016

An edition of Windows Server 2016 that can be offered by OEMs focusing on storage solutions.

Microsoft Hyper-V Server 2016

A free download of a basic server system that enables the use of Hyper-V. It is useful for learning about Hyper-V or setting up a basic Hyper-V system.

Windows 7, 8, 8.1, and 10

The client workstation operating systems most compatible with Windows Server 2016.

Windows 10

The most compatible client workstation operating system in terms of client management.

Client

A computer that accesses resources on another computer via a network

Workstation

A computer that has its own central processing unit (CPU) and can be used as a stand-alone or network computer

• Server Manager

• Security

• Clustering

• Enhanced Web services

• Windows Server Core and Nano Server

• Windows PowerShell

• Virtualization

• Reliability

• Multitasking and multithreading

• Physical and logical processors

• Containers

What are five (5) Windows Server 2016 Features?

Server Manager

Enables the server administrator to manage critical configuration features from inside one tool

Server Manager

What is used to configure a server from the beginning, view computer configuration information, change server roles and system properties, configure networking, and configure Remote Desktop?

Server Manager

What is used to configure security, including the firewall, add and remove features, run diagnostics, manage storage and backups, and manage multiple servers from one place?

essential level of security

When you install Windows Server 2016, add a feature, or install a Windows component, ________ is automatically implemented, ensuring an essential level of security.

• configuring a server from the beginning,

• viewing computer configuration information,

• changing server roles and system properties,

• configuring networking,

• configuring Remote Desktop,

• configuring security including the firewall,

• adding and removing features,

• running diagnostics,

• managing storage and backups, and

• managing multiple servers from one place.

What give at least four (4) purposes of Server Manager?

• File and folder permissions,

• security policies,

• encryption of data,

• event auditing,

• various authentication methods, and

• server management and monitoring tools

What are three (3) other security features?

• test cluster setup, migrate config,

• configure & troubleshoot clusters,

• set up cluster storage,

• enhance storage performance,

• secure cluster and enable new network capabilities.

What do the tools offered by Windows Server 2016 do?

Windows Server 2016

What offers the following tools:

• test cluster setup, migrate config,

• configure & troubleshoot clusters,

• set up cluster storage,

• enhance storage performance,

• secure cluster and enable new network capabilities.

Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS)

Transforms Windows Server 2016 into a versatile Web server

• Include over 40 modules , intended to enable IIS to have a lower attack surface

• Provide easier application of IIS patches

• Make it easier for network programmers to write network applications and configure applications for the Web

IIS has been designed to achieve the following goals:

Windows Server Core

A minimum server configuration designed to function in a fashion similar to traditional UNIX and Linux servers

A graphical interface (just a command line), graphical tools to configure the server, extra services that you do not need

What is not provided by Windows Server Core

Windows Nano Server

Provides a basic foundation for server computing

Windows Nano Server

What has a smaller footprint than Server Core, intended to be faster and need less maintenance?

Windows PowerShell

A command-line interface that offers a shell

Shell

A customized environment for executing commands and scripts

Scripts

Files that contain commands to be run by a computer OS

Windows Powershell

Offers over 130 command-line tools or cmdlets

over 130

How many cmdlets does Windows PowerShell offer?

Hyper-V

Provides the ability to run two or more operating systems on a single computer

• Compatible with clustering

• Can be used with Windows and Linux operating systems

• Compatible with different types of disk storage methods

• Enables fast migration from one computer to another

• Can house 64-bit and 32-bit operating systems

List two (2) of Hyper-V’s capabilities

privileged mode

The operating system kernel runs in ___________________

OS Privileged Mode

Protects the operating system from problems created by a malfunctioning program or process and gives the operating system kernel an extra level of security from intruders.

core programs, computer code of the operating system

What does the kernel consist of?

Process

A program in execution

Protected process

A program for which outside influences are restricted

Multitasking

The ability to run two or more programs at the same time

Multithreading

The capability of programs written to run several program code blocks, or ‘‘threads,’’ at the same time

Preemptive multitasking

Each program runs in an area of memory separate from areas used by other programs, reducing the risk of one program interfering with the smooth running of another program

physical processor

What is plugged into a processor socket on the motherboard of the computer?

64

Windows Server 2016 can support up to ___ sockets for physical processors

logical processor

A core than can run its own executable threads. Several of these can be housed in one physical processor

virtual processor

A logical processor or one or more of its cores that function for the use of a specific VM

320 logical processors

With Hyper-V in use how many logical processors can Windows Server 2016 support?

contianer

Using a _____________establishes a separate layer or engine for each application

1. Windows server containers

2. Hyper-V containers

The two types of containers offered by Windows Server 2016

Windows server containers

Container offered by Windows Server 2016 that run through process and user-mode isolation

Hyper-V containers

Container offered by Windows Server 2016 that involve a separate container

for each VM running in Hyper-V

Network

A communications system enabling computer users to share computer equipment, application software, and data, voice, and video transmissions

Workstation or client network operating system

Enables individual computer to access a network, and in some cases to share resources

peer-to-peer and server-based networking

Two (2) types of networking discussed

peer-to-peer networking

Focuses on spreading network resource administration among server and nonserver members of a network

peer-to-peer networking

server-based networking

Centralizes the network administration on one or more servers

server-based networking

peer-to-peer networking

Can be effective for very small networks. No special computer is needed to enable workstations to communicate and share resources

peer-to-Peer networking

Which networking has the following disadvantages:

• Management of network resources is decentralized

• As the network increases in size, administration becomes more difficult

• Lack of security of resources

server

A single computer that provides extensive multiuser access to network resources with the ability to handle hundreds of users at once

server-based networking

Which networking type has the advantage of stronger security?

Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)

Used to automatically configure the TCP/IP settings for a computer without using a DHCP server

169.254.0.1; 169.254.255.254

The computer automatically assigns itself an IP address from the reserved range of _______________ to _______________ and a subnet mask of 255.255.0.0

Registry

A database used to store information about the configuration, program setup,

devices, drivers, and other data important to the setup of Windows OSs

Dynamic Addressing Through a DHCP Server

You must first install and configure a DHCP server on the network. In addition to assigning the IP address, the DHCP server can also assign the subnet mask, default gateway, DNS server, and other IP settings

TCP/IP

The default protocol installed with Windows Server 2016 and is an industry standard suite of protocols and application utilities that enable communication across local and wide area networks

IPv4 and IPv6

Two versions of IP are

static addressing; APIPA; dynamic addressing through a DHCP server

IP addresses can be manually configured using ___________________ or automatically configured, using ___________ or ______________________________

• Manage the local server and remotely manage multiple servers

• Configure the local server

• Get basic information about installed hardware

• Query event logs

• Monitor status of services

• Perform best practice analysis

• Check performance monitors

Give three (3) capabilities that server administrators are allowed via server manager

• Add roles and features,

• Add other servers to manage,

• Create a server group,

• Connect this server to cloud services

Server Manager provides quick access to:

Remote Server Administration Tools

What does RSAT mean?

Remote Server Administration Tools (RSAT)

Enable IT administrators to remotely manage roles and features in Windows Server from a computer

Windows 10 or Windows 8.1

RSAT runs on ____________ or ______________

Windows Powershell

A command line shell and scripting language that allows task

automation and configuration management

cmdlets

Small commands that perform specific functions and can be combined to perform multiple tasks or can be piped together to perform multiple operations

module

Cmdlets packaged together

Powershell Integrated Scripting Environment

A GUI tool that allows the running of commands and create, modify, debug, and test scripts

Powershell Direct

Enables you to run a Windows Powershell cmdlet or script inside a virtual machine from the host operating system

Principle of Lease Privilege Administration

Protects against malicious users, incompetent users, and compromised accounts