History of the Ottoman Empire

Flashcards about the Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Empire Founding

Founded in the wake of the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, marking the end of over six hundred years of Ottoman imperial rule.

Territorial Expansion

Remarkable territorial expansion coupled with advancements in government, social, and economic systems led to a diverse and prosperous empire.

Turkic Migration

The establishment of the Ottoman Empire is tied to the migration of Turkic peoples out of Eastern Asia.

Seljuk Empire

Established by Seljuk in the late tenth century, expanding into Persia and adopting Persian language, culture, and Islam.

Battle of Manziknas

A crushing defeat inflicted by the Seljuks on the Byzantine army, allowing them to gain control of the Near East and push into Turkey.

Anatolian Beyliks

Smaller principalities scattered across the region after the decline and fragmentation of the Sultanate of Iran.

Osman

Credited as the founder of the Ottoman dynasty.

Ottoman Expansion

Characterized by attempts to conquer the last vestiges of the Byzantine Empire.

Mehmed II

Restored to the Ottoman Sultanate in 1451 and determined to conquer Constantinople.

Fall of Constantinople

In 1453, the walls were breached, and the Ottoman army flooded in; Constantinople became the capital of the Ottoman Empire.

Hagia Sophia

Reconsecrated as a mosque after the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople.

Ottoman Expansion Post-Constantinople

Expansion and conquest across the Eastern Mediterranean, Middle East, North Africa, and the Balkans of the Black Sea.

Suleiman the Magnificent

Undertook the greatest expansion of the Ottoman Empire, completed the conquest of much of the Balkans, and laid siege to Vienna.

Janissaries

Elite troops captured as child slaves from Christian lands, converted to Islam, and incorporated into the Ottoman army.

Ottoman-Spanish Conflict

Conflict with Spain for dominance in the Mediterranean, culminating in clashes such as the great siege of Rotman and the battle of Lepanto.

Economic stagnation

The Ottoman Empire began to fall behind its European rivals, who were experiencing a scientific revolution.

Sick Man of Europe

The Ottoman Empire became known as the sick man of Europe in the nineteenth century.

Young Turks

Turkish nationalists of the younger generations that called for political reforms to mitigate the empire's downturn.

World War I

The end of the Ottoman Empire was inextricably linked to the outbreak of the First World War.

Turkish War of Independence

Resulted in the emergence of the modern Turkish state and the subsequent terminal of the Ottoman Empire.