Preschool & Adolescent Growth & Development- exam 1

Preschool Fine + Gross Motor Development

Hand strength improves → cut, draw shapes, button clothes. Coordination improves → run, throw, jump, skip, hop on one foot.

Preschool Language Development

Vocabulary >2,100 words by age 5; sentence structure evolves; language becomes primary communication method.

Preschool Speech Concerns—Refer

Not asking questions; 4-year-old difficult to understand outside family; stuttering past age 5.

Preschool Aggression

Hitting, biting, kicking peak at ages 2-4; frustrates easily.

Preschool Fears

Common fears include dark, monsters, and animals.

Preschool Body Image/Sexuality

Normal curiosity; use correct anatomical terms.

Preschool Social Development

Play is the work of the preschooler; pretend/imaginative play is common.

Preschool Types of Play

Parallel = 2-3 years; associative = 3-4 years; cooperative = 4-6 years.

Preschool Dental Health

Full set of deciduous/primary teeth; supervised brushing + flossing; early dental trauma should be assessed by dentist.

Adolescent Overall Growth

Rapid growth spurt; girls get taller first; complex fine + gross motor development.

Adolescent Reproductive Growth

Starts around 11-14; girls begin before boys; secondary sex characteristics; menstruation; Tanner staging.

Adolescent Cognition/Socialization

Able to express self; abstract thought; considers adult-like thinking + compares self to others.

Adolescent Nutrition

Increased caloric needs; iron; hydration; eating disorders/body image.

Adolescent Sleep

Circadian rhythm shifts; screen time; sleep-deprivation risks.