Sociology-Education, educational policies

1880=

State made schooling compulsory from ages of 5-13 in 1880.

Tripartite system=Which act?

1944 Education act. Introduced tripartite where children selected to grammar, secondary modern or technical schools based on 11+exam.

11+ exam reproduced class inequality, unequal opportunities, as reality is children environment greatly affects chances of success.

1965=

The comprehensive school system= Introduced in many areas from 1965 onwards. System aimed to stop class divide and 11+ abolished along with grammars+secondary moderns replaced with comprehensive schools pupils go to in their area.

Marketisation= Which act?

1988 Education reform act= Introduced parentocracy, marketisation, offset reports

Ball+Whitty note marketisation policies reproduce class inequalities by creating inequalities between schools.

Marketisation=process of intruding market forces of consumer choice+competition between suppliers into education.

New labour governments of 1997 to 2010=

Introduced policies to reduce marketisation inequalities. Made some deprived areas Education Action zones=given resources. Aim higher programme= to increase aspirations

Education maintenance allowances (EMAs)= Payments to students from low income backgrounds to encourage go to university or further education.

2010=

From 2010, Conservative-liberal democrat coalition government took marketisation further. Created academies+free schools. Funding taken from local authority budgets to academies.

By 2021= 78% secondary schools became academies.

Free schools run by parents, teachers or businesses.

Study of International patterns of ed inequality by Institute for public policy research(2012)=

Found competition- oriented education systems like Britains produce segregation with children of different social backgrounds.

Bowles+Gintis=

Argue education is process of indoctrination.

1944=

From 1944 education started getting influenced by idea of meritocracy.

Neoliberals+New rights marketisation views=

favour marketisation. Argue it means schools must attract parents by competing. Schools that succeed in exams thrive, others ‘go out of business’.