Cell Metabolism exam 2

which of the following glycolytic enzymatic reactions is freely reversible in cellular conditions

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phopshate

if cell charge (ATP/AMP) is low in muscle cells, what is the effect on the glycolysis pathway in those cells

phosphofructokinase activity will be increased

if cell charge (ATP/AMP) is low in muscle cells, what is the effect on the glycolysis pathway in those cells

phosphofructokinase activity will be decreased

which enzymes create 1,3biphosphoglycerate

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate kinase

which enzymes create 3-phosphoglycerate

phosphoglycerate kinase, phosphoglycerate mutase

which enzymes create 2-phosphoglycerate

phosphoglycerate mutase, enolase

as a pediatrician you are diagnosing an infant. the infant has hepatomegaly. blood work shows significantly reduced levels of glucose and a blood ph that is low and threatening acidosis. growth rate seems fine, but the child is just not thriving. in the suspected disease, what enzyme has failed

none of the answers, (glucose-6-phosphatase)

which of the following is an enzyme that is rate limiting in glycolysis

phosphofructokinase

which of the following is an enzyme that is not reversible in glycolysis

hexokinase, pfk-1, pyruvate kinase

which of the following is an enzyme that produces atp in glycolysis

phosphoglycerate kinase, pyruvate kinase

which of the following is an enzyme that uses atp in glycolysis

hexokinase, pfk-1

which of the folliowing is an enzyme that produces nadh in glycolysis

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase

as a pediatrician you are diagnosing an infant. the infant has hepatomegaly. blood work shows significantly reduced levels of glucose, and a blood ph that is low and threatening acidosis, growth rate seems fine but the child is just not thriving in order to control the hypoglycemia what should be done

diet supplementation with starch

what purpose does lactate dehydrogenase serve? lactate is a dangerous material

it takes nadh and creates nad+ so glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase can work, it converts pyruvate to lactate

as a pediatrician you are diagnosing an infant. the infant has hepatomegaly. blood work shows significantly reduced levels of glucose and blood ph that is low and threaterning acidosis, growth rate seems find but the child is not thriving, so you suggest…

the patient should be tested for I von gierkes disease

which of the following is an allosteric inhibitor of hexokinase

g6p,Atp

which of the following is an allosteric inhibitor of phosphofructokinase

citrate, atp, low ph (high protons)

which of the following is an alllosteric inhibitor of pyruvate kinase

atp,alanine

which of the following is an allosteric activator of phosphofructokinase

AMP, fructose-2-6-biphosphate

which of the following is an allosteric activator of pyruvate kinase

fructose-1,6biphosphate (AMP)

what protection does the feedback regulation of hexokinase offer the cell

protection from depletion of pi

which enzyme in the pentose-phosphate-shunt can generate ribulose-5-phosphate

6phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, phosphopentose isomerase, phosphopentose epimerase

which enzyme in the pentose phosphate shunt can generate ribose-5-phosphate

phosphopentose isomerase, transketolase

which enzyme in the pentose-phosphate-shunt can generate xylulose-5-phosphate

phosphopentose epimerase, transketolase

which enzyme is the pentose-phosphate-shunt can generate glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, sedoheptulose-7-p

transketolase,transaldolase

which enzyme in the pentose-phosphate-shunt can generate fructose-6-phosphate, erythrose-4-phosphate

transaldolase, transketolase

a patient presents with a fever and an accompanying bacterial infection. the patient reports no allergies to any medications. metabolite analysis reveals below a physiological normal amount of ribulose-5-phosphate/NADPH, which of the following would be risky to administer to a patient

antipyretics, sulfa antiobiotics, antimalarials/quinones

evaluate the statement below as true or false. A. fructose-6-phophate can react with glyceraldehyde using the enzyme transketolase; B.xylulose 5 phosphate and erythrose 4 phosphate are produced

true

evaluate the statement below as true or false. A. fructose-6-phophate can react with glyceraldehyde using the enzyme transaldolase; B.xylulose 5 phosphate and erythrose 4 phosphate are produced

A is false

evaluate the statement below as true or false. A. fructose-6-phophate can react with glyceraldehyde using the enzyme transketolase; B.xylulose 6 phosphate and glyceraldehyde 4 phosphate are produced

B is false

which enzyme is the rate limiting step of glycolysis

PFK-1

which enzyme is the rate limiting step of TCA

isocitrate dehydrogenase

which enzyme is the rate limiting step of pentose phosphate pathway

glocose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase

which enzyme is the rate limiting step of gluconeogenesis

fructose 1 6 biphosphatase

in the pentose phosphate pathway, which reducing equivalent is generated and what is the primary purpose of that reducing equivalent

NADPH, anabolic metabolism

if a patient presents with memory loss and partial paralysis. there is a syndrome with these symptoms. on a hunch, you order a metabolite index for pentose phosphate shunt metabolites. it seems like an enzyme is not running forward as fast as it should. what are you expecting

a substantial decrease in sedoheptulose-7-phosphate

oxidative damage can be repaired by glutathione, what is needed to restore glutathione

NADPH

the pentose phosphate pathway, produces metabolites that are used in other metabolic pathways/glycolysis intermediates

glycolysis

a patient presents with memory loss and partial paralysis. there is a syndrome with these symptoms. metabolically speaking, what is the cause of this

wernicke korsakoff syndrome, 10 fold increase in km causes a decrease in binding affinity of transketolase to tpp/thiamine pyrophosphate

carbon dioxide is often considered a waste-product and is one method by which carbon and oxygen are eliminated from metabolic systems. select the enzymes that produce carbon dioxide

isocitrate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase

which tca enzyme catalyzes the most exergonic reaction in the pathway

citrate synthase

which tca enzyme catalyzes the most endergonic reaction in the pathway

malate dehydrogenase

in which cellular compartment is glycolysis located

cytoplasm

in which cellular compartment is gluconeogenesis located

cytoplasm and mitochondria

in which cellular compartment is pentose phosphate shunt located

cytoplasm

a patient presents with fatigue and metabolite analysis reveals elevated malate compared to normal samples. based on this information, which enzyme is likely to be malfunctioning

citrate synthase

what type of reaction does the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase perform

oxidation reduction

what enzyme is the rate limiting step of glycolysis

phosphofructokinasewh

which enzyme is the rate-limiting step of gluconeogenesis

fructose1 6 biphosphatase

which enzyme is the rate-limiting step of pentose phosphate shunt

glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenasewh

which enzyme is the rate-limiting step of tca

isocitrate dehydrogenase

what metabolic material can be used directly to make both acetyl coa and lactate

pyruvate

which enzyme is considered part of tca and etc

fadh2-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, aka succinate dehydrogenase

how many reducing equivalents are made in the TCA cycle

4

which of the following is an electron transport enzyme that cannot pump protons to the intermembrane space of mitochondria

fadh2-ubiquinone oxidoreductase

which of the following is an electron transport enzyme that can pump protons to the intermembrane space of mitochondria

nadh-ubiquinone oxidoreductase

cyanide poisoning destroys which complex in the etc

complev IV-cytochrome c oxidase

compound 1 ___ compound 2 by taking electrons from compound 2

compound 2 is called a ____

compound 1 is called a ____

compound 2 _____ compound 1

oxidized, reductant, oxidant, reduced

what is the primary source of energy for atp generation in the ETC

proton gradient or the redox reactions, electrochemical gradient

which of the following reduces ubiquinone

NADh

which of the following reduces ubiquinone

FADH2