Science Genetics review
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45 Terms
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What is the definition of Heredity?
Passing of traits from parent to offspring
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What are genes?
A specific section of DNA that codes for a trait
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What are Alleles?
Different forms of a trait that a gene has
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What are traits?
characteristics that make up an organism
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How are traits made?
The interactions of alleles
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Where are alleles contained?
Sex cells
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How many alleles does a sex cell have?
1
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Who is called the father of genetics?
Gregor Mendel
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What field of science Mendel “create?”
modern genetics
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What did Mendel do?
studied one trait through several generations instead of many at one time, and used probability to explain heredity
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What did Mendel experiment with?
tall and short pea plants
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What result did Mendel get
tall plants
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What is a dominant allele?
a trait more possible to appear in offspring
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What is a recessive allele?
a trait less likely to appear in offspring
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What traits did Mendel Observe
Seed shape, Seed color, Flower color, Pod shape, Pod color, Flower position, Stem height.
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Definition of Heterozygous?
Hybrid
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If a person is a hybrid, what does that say about the parents?
each parent has a different allele
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Definition of Homozygous?
Purebred
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If a person is purebred, what does that say about the parents?
each parent has the same allele
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What letter case is the dominant allele?
upper case
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What letter case is the recessive allele?
lower case
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What is a genotype
the combination of letters representing alleles
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What is a phenotype
the trait expressed by the genotype
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What is incomplete dominance?
when one allele is not completely expressed over its paired allele
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If incomplete dominance is present in the offspring what does it say about the parents
they are both homozygous
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If incomplete dominance is exhibited, how many phenotypes are there
3 or more
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What is multiple alleles
when a trait is controlled by more than 2 alleles
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Which trait exhibits Multiple alleles
blood type
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If its a case of multiple alleles, how many phenotypes are there
3 or more
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Blood type alleles
ABO
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Which alleles are dominant in blood type
AB
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What is a special case of multiple alleles?
codominance
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What is codominance
when both dominant alleles are expressed
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What are sex-linked disorders?
genetic mutations on the X-chromosome
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What are examples of sex-linked disorders
Down syndrome, Color blindness, cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, Vitamin D resistant rickets
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What are recessive sex linked disorders
Down syndrome, color blindness, cystic fibrosis, hemophilia
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What is the genotype of a female offspring
XX
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What is the genotype of a male offspring
XY
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What is a carrier
When a person carries the trait but isn’t affected
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Who can be carriers
females
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What are pedigrees
visual charts to map the heredity of a trait
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What are males labeled as on pedigrees
squares
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What are females labeled as on pedigrees
circle
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what does the pedigree show if one is a carrier on a pedigree
half shaded
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what does the pedigree show if one is affected by the trait on a pedigree
shaded in