AP Psych Medical illnesses and Treatment

Phase 1 of Seyle GAS

Alarm; sympathetic nervous system activated

Phase 2 of Seyle GAS

Resistance; body trys to fight off the stressor

Phase 3 of Seyle GAS

Exhaustion; Stressors still present but body is weakened

Tend and Befriend

A stress response model suggesting that individuals, particularly females, may respond to stress by seeking social support and nurturing relationships.

Diathesis Stress Model

Mental illnesses are both nature and nurture

approach approach

decision between 2 good choices

avoidance avoidance

decision between 2 negative choices

approach avoidance

decision between 1 thing but it has both pros and cons

Deviant

Behavior or thoughts that significantly differ from societal norms and expectations, often considered abnormal.

Dysfuntional

Behavior that disrupts daily functioning or hinders well-being.

Distressing

Experiences or behaviors that cause significant emotional pain or discomfort.

Autism Spectrum Disorder

A developmental disorder that affects communication, behavior, and social interaction, characterized by a range of symptoms and degrees of impairment.

Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder

may include difficulties with social communication, repetitive behaviors, and restricted interests.

Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD)

A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that interfere with functioning or development. It is NOT due to the lack of ability or comprehension

Symptoms of ADHD

may include inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

Schizophrenia

A severe mental disorder characterized by distortions in thought, perception, emotions, language, and sense of self, often accompanied by hallucinations and delusions. Too much dopamine is released

Symptoms of schizophrenia

may include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, and negative symptoms such as lack of motivation or emotional flatness.

hallucination

False perceptions; seeing/ hearing things

dellusion

False beliefs; paranoia

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

A mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, loss of interest, and various physical and emotional problems that interfere with daily functioning.

Symptoms of MDD

include fatigue, changes in sleep patterns, appetite disturbances, difficulty concentrating, and feelings of worthlessness or guilt.

Bipolar Disorder

Periods of depression and periods of mania; linked to norepinephrine and serotonin

Symptoms of bipolar disorder

Depressive episodes, manic episodes

Bipolar 1

more intense manic episodes

Bipolar 2

milder manic episodes followed by major depressive episodes

Social Anxiety Disorder

a chronic mental health condition characterized by intense fear or anxiety in social situations, often leading to avoidance behaviors.

Symptoms of social anxiety disorder

Fear of anxiety about social situations, fear of embarissing one selves, avoids situations

Specific Phobia

an intense, irrational fear of a specific object or situation that leads to significant distress and avoidance.

Symptoms of specific phobia

excessive fear or anxiety when exposed to the specific phobia trigger, avoidance of the triggering object or situation, physical symptoms such as rapid heartbeat or sweating.

Panic Disorders

characterized by recurrent, unexpected panic attacks, which are sudden periods of intense fear or discomfort that peak within minutes.

Agoraphobia

an anxiety disorder marked by fear and avoidance of situations where escape might be difficult or help unavailable during a panic attack.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

a chronic condition characterized by excessive, uncontrollable worry about various aspects of life, often accompanied by physical symptoms like restlessness and fatigue.

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

a chronic condition involving unwanted, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions) that individuals feel driven to perform.

Obsession

a persistent, unwanted thought or image that causes significant anxiety or distress.

Compulsion

a repetitive behavior or mental act that a person feels compelled to perform in response to an obsession, aimed at reducing anxiety.

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

a mental health condition triggered by experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event. Symptoms may include flashbacks, nightmares, severe anxiety, and uncontrollable thoughts about the event. Higher correlation with an external locus of control

Dissocitve Identity Disorder

a psychological condition characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personality states or identities, often stemming from severe trauma or abuse.

Dissocitive Amnesia

a disorder characterized by the inability to recall important personal information, usually related to a traumatic or stressful event, which is inconsistent with ordinary forgetting.

Anorexia

a serious eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight, leading to self-starvation and excessive weight loss. Individuals may have a distorted body image and deny the severity of their condition.

Bulimia

an eating disorder characterized by episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors, such as vomiting or excessive exercise, to prevent weight gain.

Binge eating Disorder

a severe eating disorder involving recurrent episodes of eating large quantities of food, often quickly and to the point of discomfort, without the compensatory behaviors characteristic of bulimia.

Schizoid

personality disorder characterized by a lack of interest in social relationships, a tendency towards a solitary lifestyle, and emotional coldness.

Schizotypal

personality disorder marked by eccentric behavior, distorted thinking, and social anxiety, often leading to difficulties in forming close relationships.

Paranoid

personality disorder characterized by pervasive distrust and suspicion of others, leading to a tendency to interpret their motives as malevolent.

Antisocial

personality disorder characterized by a disregard for the rights of others, impulsivity, and often manipulative or deceitful behavior, commonly associated with a lack of remorse for harmful actions.

Histronic

personality disorder characterized by excessive emotionality and attention-seeking behavior, often resulting in dramatic or theatrical presentations of self.

Narcassistic

exaggerated ideas of self importance and achievements, ideas of success, arrogance

Borderline

personality disorder marked by instability in moods, self-image, and relationships, often leading to impulsive behaviors and intense emotional responses.

Dependent

fear of abandonment

Avoident

personality disorder characterized by social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation.

Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder

preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control over one's environment.

Taijin Kyofusho

a Japanese cultural phenomenon involving intense fear of interpersonal interactions, including anxiety about offending others or being judged.

Ethical Guidelines for Psychology

Beneficence, maleficence, respect for rights, dignity, integrity, justice, fidelity, responsibility

Beneficence and Maleficence

do no harm, make sure treatment wont do harm to other\s

respect for rights and dignity

maintain clients confidentiality and privacy

Integrity

requires honesty, accuracy, and transparency

Justice

treat everyone equally

Fidelity and Responsibility

build trust with your client and take responsibility for your actions

psychotherapy

a treatment method for mental health issues involving conversation and therapeutic techniques between a therapist and a client.

psychtropic medications

medications used to treat mental health disorders by affecting neurotransmitters in the brain.

Antidepressents

Increase serotonin levels (SSRI); reuptake increases

antianxiety

want an increase in GABA; lorazepam & Xanax

antipsychotics

trying to decrease and lessen the amount of dopamine that is being release, related to schizophrenia

side effects of antipsychotics

Tardive Dyskinesia- less control over movements; NOT parkinson’s

Mood Stabilizer

Used to treat bipolar disorder; lithium raises mood

Lobotomie

A surgical procedure that involves cutting the connections between the frontal lobes and the rest of the brain, historically used to treat severe mental illness.

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

A non-invasive procedure that uses magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells in the brain, often used to treat depression.

Electroconvulsive Therapy

A medical treatment for severe depression that involves sending electrical currents through the brain to induce seizures, often used when other treatments have failed.

Psychoanalysis

A therapeutic approach that focuses on exploring unconscious conflicts and emotions, often involving free association and dream analysis.

Free Association

A technique in psychoanalysis where patients speak freely about their thoughts, feelings, and memories, allowing unconscious material to surface for examination.

Dream Analysis

A technique used in psychoanalysis to interpret the content of dreams, revealing unconscious desires and conflicts.

Hypnosis

A therapeutic technique that induces a trance-like state to enhance focus and suggestibility, often used to access the unconscious mind or alter behaviors.

Person Centered Therapy

A therapeutic approach developed by Carl Rogers that emphasizes providing a supportive environment in which clients can explore their feelings and self-concept, leading to personal growth and self-discovery.

Exposure Therapy

A behavioral therapy that involves exposing patients to their fears or traumatic memories in a controlled environment, helping them confront and reduce anxiety associated with those situations.

Counterconditiong

A behavioral therapy technique that involves replacing an undesirable response to a stimulus with a more desirable one, often used in conjunction with exposure therapy to reduce fear.

Systematic desensitization

A type of behavioral therapy that combines relaxation techniques with gradual exposure to feared stimuli, helping individuals reduce anxiety through a structured hierarchy of fear.

aversive conditiong

A behavioral therapy technique that aims to reduce undesirable behaviors by associating them with unpleasant consequences, often used in treating addictions and phobias.

Biofeedback

A technique that teaches individuals to control physiological processes by using electronic monitoring devices. It is often used to help manage stress, anxiety, and chronic pain.

Cognitive restructuring

A cognitive therapy technique that helps individuals identify and challenge negative thought patterns, replacing them with more positive and realistic ones to reduce psychological distress.

Cognitive Triad

A concept in cognitive therapy that refers to the three key components: negative views about the self, the world, and the future, which contribute to depression.

cognitive behavioral therapy

A therapeutic approach that combines cognitive and behavioral techniques to change maladaptive thought patterns and behaviors, often used to treat anxiety and depression.

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)

A type of cognitive-behavioral therapy developed by Albert Ellis that focuses on identifying and changing irrational beliefs to improve emotional well-being.

Dialectal Behavior Therapy (DBT)

A form of cognitive-behavioral therapy developed by Marsha Linehan that emphasizes the development of mindfulness, emotional regulation, distress tolerance, and interpersonal effectiveness skills.