Introduction to Acids and Bases chapter 9

These flashcards cover vocabulary related to acids and bases, including definitions of key terms and concepts from the lecture.

Arrhenius Acid

An acid that contains a hydrogen atom and dissolves in water to form a hydrogen ion.

Arrhenius Base

A base that contains hydroxide and dissolves in water to form hydroxide ions.

Hydronium Ion

The ion formed when a hydrogen ion reacts with water; often represented as H₃O⁺.

Brønsted-Lowry Acid

A proton donor; must contain a hydrogen atom.

Brønsted-Lowry Base

A proton acceptor; must have a lone pair of electrons to bond with protons.

Monoprotic Acid

An acid that can donate only one proton (H⁺) per molecule.

Diprotic Acid

An acid that can donate two protons (H⁺) per molecule.

Triprotic Acid

An acid that can donate three protons (H⁺) per molecule.

Dissociation

The process by which a substance breaks down into its ions in a solution.

Conjugate Acid

The species formed when a base gains a proton.

Conjugate Base

The species formed when an acid loses a proton.

Amphoteric Compound

A substance that can act as both an acid and a base.

Acid Dissociation Constant (Ka)

An equilibrium constant for the dissociation of an acid in water.

pH Scale

A scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.

Neutralization Reaction

A chemical reaction where an acid and a base react to form a salt and water.

Buffer

A solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added.