cell structure

what are the parts that make up the nucleus ?

nuclear envelope

nucleoplasm

chromatin

nucleolus

nuclear pore

what are the parts that make up the mitochondria

inner membrane, outer membrane, matrix, cristae

what are the parts that make up lysosomes

membrane, hydrolytic enzymes

structure of the rough endoplasmic reticulum 

• Coated with ribosomes 

• Facilitates protein synthesis 

• Provides a large surface area for ribosomes

what is the structure of the golgi apparatus

• Made up of a group of fluid - filled membrane - bound flattened sacs 

• Surrounded by vesicles 

structure of a ribosome

• Made up of RNA and proteins 

• Free float in the cytoplasm 

• Or are stuck onto the RER

structure of chloroplast 

• Has a double membrane 

• Has internal thylakoid membrane 

• Arranged in stacks to form grana linked by lamellae 

• Only found in plants  

• certain types of photosynthesising bacteria

structure of the vacuole

• Contains cell sap (solution of sugar and sugars).

• Surrounded by a selectively permeable membrane

•  Known as a tonoplast.

function of the RER

Transports newly synthesised proteins to the golgi apparatus for modification 

function of SER

• Synthesises lipids 

• Such as cholesterol and oestrogen

function of the golgi apparatus 

• Receives proteins from the RER and lipids from the SER

• Modifies the proteins and lipids 

• Site of lysosome synthesis

function of the ribosomes

• Translate RNA into protein                     

function of the mitochondria

• Site of ATP production during aerobic respiration 

• Self replicating 

• Can become numerous in cells with high energy requirements

function of lysosomes

• Digest worn out organelle for reuse of material 

structure of centrioles 

• Bundles of microtubules 

• Form spindle fibres during mitosis in order to pull sister chromatids apart 

function of centrioles 

• Important for the function for the formation of cilia and flagella 

• Not found in plant or bacterial cells

function of chloroplast

• The site of photosynthesis 

• Contains chlorophyll 

function of the vacuole 

• Helps to maintain pressure within the cell,

• Which keeps the cell rigid and stops the plant from wilting.