Lawrence Kohlbergs Stages of Moral Development

Pre- Conventional Level

Focus on the individual self- self centered

Pre- Conventional Level

Stage 1- Punishment Obedience Orientation

• acknowledging the existence of social rules

• rules are obeyed to AVOID punishment

Pre- Conventional Level

Stage 2- Instrumental Exchange Orientation

• acceptance of social rules

• rules obeyed in ANTICIPATION of reward

Conventional Level

Focus is moral and ethical dilemas… is it ok to break the law?

• “Heinz Dilemma”

• Altruism- do whats best for the group

Conventional Level

Stage 1- Good Child Orientation

• rules and laws are perceived as “necessary evils”

• people should be judged by their intentions

Conventional Level

Stage 2- Law and Order Orientation

• laws are viewed as essential

• violations lead to societal decay

• even if good cause

Post- Conventional Level

Focus on universal humanity… moral compass of right and wrong influenced by human rights

Post- Conventional Level

Stage 5- Societal Contract Orientation

• Human Nature is designed to help other people

• rules are beneficial and laws must be followed

Post- Conventional Level

Stage 6- Universal Ethics Orientation

• moral reasoning that reflects universal right vs wrong and good vs evil