Studied by 12 people
What is the primary funtion of DNA?
To make proteins
What does a nucleotide consist of?
Sugar, Phosphate, and Base
Who are the two scientist credited for discovering the structure of DNA?
Watson and Crick
Where can DNA be found?
The nucleus
What are the bases categorized as purines?
Guanine and Adenine
What phase does DNA replication occur in?
S phase (Synthesis phase)
What happens at the end of DNA replication?
2 strands of DNA, each identical to the original strand, the 2 new strands actually are ½ original, and ½ new
Why is DNA replication important?
New cells will need identical DNA, so every cell in the body has the same set of instructions
What base does RNA replace thymine with?
Uracil
An RNA nucleotide consists of what sugar?
Ribose
In protein synthesis, what molecule carries the amino acid?
tRNA (Transfer RNA)
The DNA code is carried from the nucleus to the ribosome in the form of what?
mRNA (Messenger RNA)
The process of creating mRNA from DNA is called what?
Transcription
The three base sequence in mRNA is called a(n) what?
Codon
What is the process in which RNA is used to produce proteins?
Translation
What are proteins made up of?
Amino Acids
What is the FIRST step in protein synthesis?
DNA unzips
What is the SECOND step in protein synthesis?
mRNA is made
What is the THIRD step in protein synthesis?
mRNA moves into the cytoplasm
What is the FOURTH step in protein synthesis?
tRNA "locks" into the mRNA
What is the FIFTH step in protein synthesis?
Amino acids are connected
How many amino acids are there?
20
What are exons?
Parts of DNA that code for proteins
What happens in mRNA processing?
Introns are removed and exons are put together
What are the pyrimidines?
Thymine and Cytosine
What is the codon that initiates the translation process?
AUG
Where does transcription take place?
The nucleus
Where does translation take place?
The ribosome
What are chromosomes made of?
DNA
What is a mutation that does not cause a change in the amino acid sequence?
Silent mutation
What is a mutation that causes a pre-mature STOP codon?
Nonsense
What type of mutation has a single change in a nucleotide?
Point Mutation
What are mutations caused by?
Viruses, copying errors, chemicals and radiation
Does a mutation always result in a change in the organism?
No
What are mutations that are passed on to descendants?
Germline mutation
What are mutations that CANNOT be passed on to descendants?
Somatic cell mutation
