Math Accumulative Basic Skills Flashcards

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering basic skills in standard mathematics topics including number sets, algebra, statistics, geometry, and coordinates.

Counting numbers (C)

The set of numbers defined as $C = \{1, 2, 3, 4, ... \}$.

Natural numbers (N)

The set of numbers defined as $N = \{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ... \}$.

Even numbers (E)

The set of numbers defined as $E = \{0, 2, 4, 6, 8, ... \}$.

Odd numbers (O)

The set of numbers defined as $O = \{1, 3, 5, 7, 9, ... \}$.

Prime numbers (P)

The set of numbers defined as $P = \{2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, ... \}$.

Integer numbers (Z)

The set of numbers defined as $Z = \{..., -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ... \}$.

Rational numbers (Q)

Numbers that can be written in the form $\frac{a}{b}$ where $a, b \in Z$ and $b \neq 0$.

Irrational numbers (Q')

Numbers that cannot be written in the form of $\frac{a}{b}$ or have no exact value, such as $\sqrt{2}$, $\sqrt{5}$, or $\pi$.

Real numbers (R)

The union of Rational and Irrational numbers, denoted as $R = Q \cup Q'$.

Additive identity element

The number $0$, which when added to any number, results in the original number.

Multiplicative identity element

The number $1$, which when multiplied by any number, results in the original number.

Additive inverse

The number result when changing the sign of a number, such as $2 \rightarrow -2$.

Multiplicative inverse

The number result when flipping the number, such as $\frac{2}{3} \rightarrow \frac{3}{2}$.

Absolute value

The distance between the number and ZERO on the number line.

PEMDAS

The order of operations: Parentheses, Exponents (powers), Multiplication, Division, Addition, Subtraction.

Ratio

A comparison between two quantities with the same unit, expressed as first number (Antecedent) / second number (Consequent).

Proportion

The equality of two or more ratios.

Algebraic term

Consists of a numerical factor (coefficient) and an algebraic factor (variable).

Degree of the term

The sum of the indices (powers) of the variables in an algebraic term.

Algebraic expression

Consists of one term or more; its degree is the highest degree of the terms forming it.

H.C.F

Highest Common Factor; found by taking the common numerical coefficient and identifying repeated symbols with the smallest power.

Mode

The most common or most repeated value in a set of values.

Median

The middle value of a set of values after rearranging them.

Mean

The sum of values divided by the number of those values.

Impossible event

An event with a probability of $0$.

Certain (sure) event

An event with a probability of $1$.

Complementary angles

Two angles whose sum is $90^\circ$.

Supplementary angles

Two angles whose sum is $180^\circ$.

Reflex angle

An angle that measures between $180^\circ$ and $360^\circ$.

Adjacent angles

Two angles that have a common vertex and a common side, while the other two sides are on opposite sides of the common side.

Angle bisector

A ray that divides an angle into two halves (two equal angles in measure).

Vertically opposite angles

Angles formed by two intersecting straight lines that are equal in measure.

Accumulative angles

Angles at a point whose sum equals $360^\circ$.

Regular polygon

A polygon where all sides are equal in length and all angles are equal in measure.

Hypotenuse

The side opposite to the right angle in a right-angled triangle.

Median of the triangle

A line segment joining a vertex and the midpoint of the opposite side.

Axis of symmetry

The straight line perpendicular to a line segment at its midpoint.

Reflection

A geometric transformation that flips a figure over a line.

Translation

A geometric transformation that slides a figure in a certain direction along a line.

Rotation

A geometric transformation that turns a figure around a point with a certain angle.

Slope of straight line (m)

The measure calculated as $m = \frac{y_2 - y_1}{x_2 - x_1}$ where $x_1 \neq x_2$.